Full-length genome sequencing of a very virulent infectious bursal disease virus isolated in Tunisia

Lachheb, Jihene; Jbenyeni, Adam; Nsiri, Jihene; Larbi, Imen; Ammouna, Faten; Behi, Imen El; Ghram, Abdeljelil

doi:10.1016/j.psj.2020.11.035

Cited by 7 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…The occurrence of three of these mutations (Q219T, G254S and E300A/Q) within the hydrophilic loops of the virus can affect their antigenicity, which in turn can lead to a drift [47]. Also, the four Nigerian IBDVs have these amino acid residues I272, M290, Q324 and S330, which are intrinsic to vvIBDV [48,49]. Apart from the delineated amino acid substitutions within the hvVP2 region of the four Nigerian IBDVs, the amino acid VP2 sequences from aa1-452 were conserved as observed in the vvIBDVs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Apart from being the viral protease responsible for the cleavage of the polyprotein, VP4 plays a vital role in IBDV replication, growth, and maturation [50]. Therefore, any variation observed within this region may affect the virulence of the virus [49,51]. These mutations observed in the VP4 sequence of the Nigerian viruses need further investigation to determine their effect on viral pathogenicity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Conserved amino acid residues for vvIBDVs include; E18, R49, F78, P129 and W137 [56]. Others are S18, S49, N78, L129, R137 [49], R45, F74, P125 and W133 [48]. A few mutations were observed in the three Nigerian viruses examined, present in either only one (R21G, G109S, S119P, H122D) out of the three Nigerian viruses or in all the three (T108A) and previously reported Nigerian viruses (G45R, S53T) (Table S1).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genomic Analysis of Infectious Bursal Disease Virus in Nigeria: Identification of Unique Mutations of Yet Unknown Biological Functions in Both Segments A and B

Nwagbo¹,

Milani²,

Salviato³

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Infectious bursal disease (IBD) is a viral poultry disease known worldwide for impacting the economy and food security. The disease is endemic in Nigeria, with reported outbreaks in vaccinated poultry flocks. To gain insight into the dynamics of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) evolution in Nigeria, near-complete genomes of four IBDVs were evaluated. Amino acid sequences in the hypervariable region of the VP2 revealed conserved markers (222A, 242I, 256I, 294I and 299S), associated with very virulent (vv) IBDV, including the serine-rich heptapeptide motif (SWSASGS). Based on the newly proposed classification for segments A and B, the IBDVs clustered in the A3B5 group (where A3 are IBDVs with vvIBDV-like segment A and B5 are from non-vvIBDV-like segment B) forming a monophyletic subcluster. Unique amino acid mutations with yet-to-be-determined biological functions have been observed in both segments. Amino acid sequences of the Nigerian IBDVs showed that they are reassortant viruses. Circulation of reassortant IBDVs may be responsible for the vaccination failures observed in the Nigerian poultry population. Close monitoring of changes in the IBDV genome is recommended to nip deleterious changes in the bud, through the identification and introduction of the most appropriate vaccine candidates and advocacy/extension programs for properly implementing disease control.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genomic Analysis of Infectious Bursal Disease Virus in Nigeria: Identification of Unique Mutations of Yet Unknown Biological Functions in Both Segments A and B

Nwagbo¹,

Milani²,

Salviato³

et al. 2023

Preprint

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“…For testing reassortment incidence, separate phylogenetic analyses of VP2 and VP1 genes were carried out according to the most recent dual-classification system [ 32 ] using MEGA 11 and compared with 176 and 174 sequences, respectively. The contribution of genes other than VP2 to IBDV virulence was tested via phylogenetic analysis to define any significant clustering with a well-defined, phenotype-based, very virulent clade [ 33 , 34 ]. The sequence alignments were generated using ClustalW with an opening penalty of 15 and an extension penalty of 6.66.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Whole Genome Sequencing of Infectious Bursal Disease Viruses Isolated from a Californian Outbreak Unravels the Underlying Virulence Markers and Highlights Positive Selection Incidence

Nour,

Blakey,

Alvarez-Narvaez

et al. 2023

Viruses

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Outbreaks of the immunosuppressive infectious bursal disease (IBD) are frequently reported worldwide, despite the vaccination regimes. A 2009 Californian IBD outbreak caused by rA and rB isolates was described as very virulent (vv) IBD virus (IBDV); however, molecular factors beyond this virulence were not fully uncovered. Therefore, segments of both isolates were amplified, successfully cloned, whole genome sequenced by Next Generation Sequencing, genotyped, and the leading virulence factors were entirely investigated in terms of phylogenetic and amino acid analysis and protein modeling for positive selection orientation and interaction analysis. rA and rB isolates displayed the highest amino acid identity (97.84–100%) with Genotype 3 strains. Interestingly, rA and rB contained all virulence hallmarks of hypervariable (HVR), including 222A, 242I, 249Q, 256I, 284A, 286T, 294I, 299S, and 318G, as well as the serine-rich heptapeptide sequence. Moreover, we pinpointed the A3B2 genotype of rA and rB, predominant in non-reassortants, and we highlighted the absence of recombination events. Furthermore, gene-wise phylogenetic analysis showed the entire genes of rA and rB clustered with the vvIBDVs and emphasized their share in IBDV virulence. VP5 showed a virulence marker, MLSL (amino acid sequence). VP2 encountered three significant novel mutations apart from the HVR, including G163E in rA and Y173C and V178A in rB, all residing within interacting motifs. VP4 contained 168Y, 173N, 203S, and 239D characteristic for the vv phenotype. A235V mutation was detected at the dsRNA binding domain of VP3. In VP1, the TDN triplet and the mutation (V4I) were detected, characteristic of hypervirulence occurring at the N-terminus responsible for protein priming. Although selection analysis revealed seven sites, codon 222 was the only statistically significant selection site. The VP2 modeling of rA and rB highlighted great structure fitness, with 96.14% Ramachandran favored positioning including the 222A, i.e., not influencing the structure stability. The 222A was found to be non-interface surface residue, associated with no interaction with the attachment-mediated ligand motif. Our findings provide pivotal insights into the evolution and underlying virulence factors and will assist in the development of control strategies via sequence-based continuous monitoring for the early detection of novel vv strains.

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“…In China, for example, the novel A2dB1 variant strains and reassortants of the A3B3 genotype have now been detected [ 14 ]; furthermore, the variant strains have spread further into Japan and South Korea [ 15 , 16 , 17 ]. In contrast, the emergence and spread of the novel A3B1 reassortants have been reported across western Europe [ 18 , 19 ], while the very virulent IBDV (vvIBDV) continues to dominate in Africa [ 20 , 21 ], and the reassortants of the A3B5 genotype have been found in Nigeria [ 22 ]. These examples illustrate the need for the continuous monitoring of poultry flocks for IBDV infection in order to improve the effectiveness of control measures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology of Infectious Bursal Disease Virus in Poland during 2016–2022

Pikuła

Lisowska

Domańska-Blicharz

2023

Viruses

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Infectious bursal disease virus is an immunosuppressive ubiquitous pathogen that causes serious economic losses in poultry production. The virus is prone to genetic changes through mutations and reassortment, which drive the emergence of new variants and lead to a change in the epidemiological situation in a field. Such a situation is currently being reported due to a large wave of IBDV A3B1 reassortant infections in northwestern Europe. On the other hand, in Poland, which is the largest producer of chicken meat in the EU, the IBDVs of genotypes A3B2 and A3B4 were circulating just before the emergence of A3B1 reassortants. The purpose of the presented study was to update the IBDV epidemiological situation. The performed molecular survey based on the sequence of both genome segments showed the presence of very virulent strains (A3B2) and reassortants of genotypes A3B4 and A3B1; moreover, two of these genotypes are newly introduced IBDV lineages. In addition, a number of amino acid substitutions were demonstrated, including within antigenic epitopes and virulence determinants. In conclusion, the results obtained indicated a dynamic epidemiological situation in Poland, which highlights the need for further monitoring studies in the region and verification of protection conferred by the vaccines used against infection with detected IBDV.

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Full-length genome sequencing of a very virulent infectious bursal disease virus isolated in Tunisia

Cited by 7 publications

References 40 publications

Genomic Analysis of Infectious Bursal Disease Virus in Nigeria: Identification of Unique Mutations of Yet Unknown Biological Functions in Both Segments A and B

Genomic Analysis of Infectious Bursal Disease Virus in Nigeria: Identification of Unique Mutations of Yet Unknown Biological Functions in Both Segments A and B

Whole Genome Sequencing of Infectious Bursal Disease Viruses Isolated from a Californian Outbreak Unravels the Underlying Virulence Markers and Highlights Positive Selection Incidence

Epidemiology of Infectious Bursal Disease Virus in Poland during 2016–2022

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