Full‐kinetic elve model simulations and their comparisons with the ISUAL observed events

Kuo, Cheng-Ling; Huang, Tai-Yin; Chang, Shih Cheng; Chou, Jung-Hua; Lee, L. J.; Wu, Yen‐Jung; Chen, A. B.; Su, H.; Hsu, R.; Frey, H. U.; Mende, S. B.; Takahashi, Yukihiro; Lee, L. C.

doi:10.1029/2012ja017599

Cited by 13 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…[]. For a more detailed analysis of the temporal evolution of excited bands, we consider the zero‐dimensional models: (C) simple analytic model and (D) plasma chemistry model [ Sentman et al ., 2007; Kuo et al ., ; Kuo et al ., ] with the applied different reduced electric field and find a reasonable magnitude of reduced electric field in the halo region for the reported halo event. The dashed line indicates the value 0.027 derived from the SP photometric readings.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 65%

“…[]. For a more detailed analysis of the temporal evolution of excited bands, we consider the zero‐dimensional models: the (C) simple analytic model and the (D) plasma chemistry model [ Sentman et al ., ; Sentman and Stenbaek‐Nielsen , ; Kuo et al ., ; Kuo et al ., ] with different applied reduced electric field, E / N , where E is the electric field and N is ambient neutral density. We want to know a reasonable magnitude of the reduced electric field in the halo region for the reported halo event.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For the (D) plasma chemistry model at halo altitude of 80 km, we apply the magnitudes of electric field from 150 Td to 350 Td with every step 50 Td to obtain the ratios of N 2 + 1N to N 2 2P for τ E = 0.1, 0.3, 0.5 ms. The plasma chemistry model was adopted using the kinetic scheme [ Sentman et al ., ; Kuo et al ., ; Kuo et al ., ]. In this scheme, chemical reactions associated with N 2 ( C 3 ∏ u ) are initially dominated by the electron‐impact process,

e + {normalN}_{2} \to e + {normalN}_{2} (C^{3} \prod_{u}),

and, for longer time scales, N 2 ( C 3 ∏ u ) can be excited via the collisional activation reaction with

{normalN}_{2} ({normalA}^{3} \sum_{normalu}^{+})

[ Sentman et al ., ],

{normalN}_{2} (A^{3} \sum_{u}^{+}) + {normalN}_{2} (A^{3} \sum_{u}^{+}) \to {normalN}_{2} (C^{3} \prod_{u}) .

…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[], (B) the ratio of emission rates of N 2 + 1N to N 2 2P in the work of Sentman et al . [], (C) simple analytic model with τ E = 0.01, 0.1, 0.3, 0.5 ms, and (D) plasma chemistry model for a time period 0.1, 0.3, and 0.5 ms of the electric field pulse [ Sentman et al ., ; Sentman and Stenbaek‐Nielsen , ; Kuo et al ., ; Kuo et al ., ]. In Figure , we plot the theoretical calculations from the above models for different time scales of τ E .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ionization emissions associated with N₂⁺ 1N band in halos without visible sprite streamers

et al. 2013

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[1] We report the ionization emission associated with N 2 + 1N band in a halo event without visible sprite streamers. To avoid the lightning contamination to the ionization emission, we find halos whose parent lightning light is blocked by the Earth's limb. , and 1.6 × 10 21 photons, respectively. In the halo region, the electron density increased as 1-2 orders of magnitude higher than ambient electron density. From the emission ratio of N 2 + 1N to N 2 2P, the reduced electric field is estimated to be 275-325 Td that is higher than the conventional breakdown electric field. The recorded electric field related to this halo event is produced by a lightning discharge that has a total charge moment change of À1450 C km. Based on the estimated electric field from optical emissions, it is found that the lightning-induced electric field in the bright halo region is significantly relaxed with a rate faster than that estimated using ambient electron density, in agreement with previous modeling results showing that the electron density enhancement due to the ionization processes leads to a short dielectric relaxation time inside the halo region.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 65%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

e + {normalN}_{2} \to e + {normalN}_{2} (C^{3} \prod_{u}),

and, for longer time scales, N 2 ( C 3 ∏ u ) can be excited via the collisional activation reaction with

{normalN}_{2} ({normalA}^{3} \sum_{normalu}^{+})

[ Sentman et al ., ],

{normalN}_{2} (A^{3} \sum_{u}^{+}) + {normalN}_{2} (A^{3} \sum_{u}^{+}) \to {normalN}_{2} (C^{3} \prod_{u}) .

…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ionization emissions associated with N₂⁺ 1N band in halos without visible sprite streamers

et al. 2013

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“…Besides the more spectacular sprites ISUAL also allowed for a better understanding of the initiation of elves by the beta‐type stepped leader [ Frey et al ., ; Kuo et al ., , ], the initiation of halos by negative cloud‐to‐ground lightning [ Frey et al ., ], the spectral properties of halos [ Kuo et al ., ] and sprites [ Liu et al ., ; Kuo et al ., ], and the relationship between elves occurrence and the weather phenomena El Niño and La Niña [ Wu et al ., ]. ISUAL data were also used to investigate other phenomena than TLEs as airglow and atmospheric tides [ Nee et al ., ; Nee , ].…”

Section: Main Science Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Imager for Sprites and Upper Atmospheric Lightning (ISUAL)

et al. 2016

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The Imager for Sprites and Upper Atmospheric Lightning (ISUAL) was the first specifically dedicated instrument to observe lightning‐induced transient luminous events (TLE): sprites, elves, halos, and gigantic jets from space. The Imager is an intensified CCD system operating in the visible wavelength region with a filter wheel to select from six positions with filters. The Imager has a 5° × 20° (vertical times horizontal) field of view. The spectrophotometer (SP) is populated with six photometers with individual filters for emissions from the far ultraviolet to the near infrared. An array photometer with two channels operating in the blue and red provides altitude profiles of the emission over 16 altitude bins each. The Associated Electronics Package (AEP) controls instrument functions and interfaces with the spacecraft. ISUAL was launched 21 May 2004 into a Sun‐synchronous 890 km orbit on the Formosat‐2 satellite and has successfully been collecting data ever since. ISUAL is running on the nightside of the orbit and is pointed to the east of the orbit down toward the limb. The instrument runs continuously and writes data to a circular buffer. Whenever the SP detects a sudden signal increase above a preset threshold, a trigger signal is generated that commands the system to keep the data for about 400 ms starting from ~50 ms before the trigger. Over its lifetime of ~11 years the system recorded thousands of TLE and also successfully observed aurora and airglow.

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Ionospheric plasma dynamics and instability caused by upward currents above thunderstorms

Kuo

Lee

2015

JGR Space Physics

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Thunderstorms are electric generators, which drive currents upwardly into the ionosphere. In this paper, we examine the effects of thunderstorm upward current on the ionosphere. We use a thunderstorm model to calculate the three-dimensional current flows in the atmosphere and to simulate the upward current above the thunderstorm with the tripole-charge structure. The upward current flows into the ionosphere, while the associated electric field causes the plasma E × B motion. The caused plasma motion redistributes the plasma density, leading to ionospheric density variations. In the nighttime ionosphere, the E × B motion may also cause the formation of plasma bubbles.

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Full‐kinetic elve model simulations and their comparisons with the ISUAL observed events

Abstract: [1] A full kinetic elve model with a wide time range from microseconds to seconds and its spectral range from UV, visible to near-infrared wavelengths is developed. Not only the fast electron-impact emissions N 2 1P (

Cited by 13 publications

References 63 publications

Ionization emissions associated with N₂⁺ 1N band in halos without visible sprite streamers

Ionization emissions associated with N₂⁺ 1N band in halos without visible sprite streamers

The Imager for Sprites and Upper Atmospheric Lightning (ISUAL)

Ionospheric plasma dynamics and instability caused by upward currents above thunderstorms

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Full‐kinetic elve model simulations and their comparisons with the ISUAL observed events

Abstract: [1] A full kinetic elve model with a wide time range from microseconds to seconds and its spectral range from UV, visible to near-infrared wavelengths is developed. Not only the fast electron-impact emissions N 2 1P (

Cited by 13 publications

References 63 publications

Ionization emissions associated with N2+ 1N band in halos without visible sprite streamers

Ionization emissions associated with N2+ 1N band in halos without visible sprite streamers

The Imager for Sprites and Upper Atmospheric Lightning (ISUAL)

Ionospheric plasma dynamics and instability caused by upward currents above thunderstorms

Contact Info

Product

Resources

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Ionization emissions associated with N₂⁺ 1N band in halos without visible sprite streamers

Ionization emissions associated with N₂⁺ 1N band in halos without visible sprite streamers