Full-field measurement of residual strains in cold bent steel plates

Gerbo, Evan J.; Thrall, Ashley P.; Smith, Brian J.; Zoli, Theodore P.

doi:10.1016/j.jcsr.2016.07.026

Cited by 17 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…The 2D-FE techniques adopted the plane strain assumption and presumed linear stress in the through-thickness distribution along the corner zone. In contrast, the study showed that the stress distribution in through-thickness direction along the corner zone is not linear [23,24].…”

Section: Transverse Stressesmentioning

confidence: 81%

“…Then, Abambres and Quach [22] stated that the prediction of residual stress along the corner region is neglected in the literature due to the lack of investigations experimentally and numerically in order to verify the stress distribution along the region. Gerbo et al [23] performed 2D and 3D finite element modelling (FEM) to validate the new non-destructive approach measuring residual strains of cold-bent thick plate steel. They recommended a 3D-finite element for detailed investigation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Numerical Prediction of Residual Stresses Distribution in Thin-Walled Press-Braked Stainless Steel Sections

et al. 2020

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Stainless steels are increasingly used in construction today, especially in harsh environments, in which steel corrosion commonly occurs. Cold-formed stainless steel structures are currently increasing in popularity because of its efficiency in load-bearing capacity and its appealing architectural appearance. Cold-rolling and press-braking are the cold-working processes used in the forming of stainless steel sections. Press braking can produce large cross-sections from thin to thick-walled sections compared to cold-rolling. Cold-forming in press-braked sections significantly affect member behaviour and joints; therefore, they have attained great attention from many researchers to initiate investigations on those effects. This paper examines the behaviour of residual stress distribution of stainless steel press-braked sections by implementing three-dimensional finite element (3D-FE) technique. The study proposed a full finite element procedure to predict the residual stresses starting from coiling-uncoiling to press-braking. This work considered material anisotropy to examine its effect on the residual stress distribution. The technique adopted was compared with different finite element techniques in the literature. This study also provided a parametric study for three corner radius-to-thickness ratios looking at the through-thickness residual stress distribution of four stainless steels (i.e., ferritic, austenitic, duplex, lean duplex) in which have their own chemical composition. In conclusion, the comparison showed that the adopted technique provides a detailed prediction of residual stress distribution. The influence of geometrical aspects is more pronounced than the material properties. Neglecting the material anisotropy shows higher shifting in the neutral axis. The parametric study showed that all stainless steel types have the same stress through-thickness distribution. Moreover, R/t ratios’ effect is insignificant in all transverse residual stress distributions, but a slight change to R/t ratios can affect the longitudinal residual stress distribution.

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Section: Transverse Stressesmentioning

confidence: 81%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical Prediction of Residual Stresses Distribution in Thin-Walled Press-Braked Stainless Steel Sections

et al. 2020

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“…coated steel (Scenario B, measurements taken on uncoated side, one specimen tested due to availability of coated material), and (c) 12.7‐mm‐thick (0.5 in.) bare steel (Scenario C, eight specimens tested from two different bars, testing performed in Gerbo et al) using 50.8‐mm (2‐in.) gauge length coupons at full thickness (Figure , Table ).…”

Section: Experimental Programmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pressure‐activated adhesive tape pattern for monitoring the structural condition of steel bridges via digital image correlation

Tumbeva

Thrall

Zoli³

2019

Struct Control Health Monit

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Digital image correlation (DIC)-a photographic measurement technique that relies on pattern recognition to calculate displacements and strains-can provide unprecedented data on bridge behavior, strength, and overall condition. A major challenge in using DIC to measure full-field strains and displacements (as opposed to point tracking) in bridges is applying an appropriate stochastic pattern over the entire field of view as conventional strategies (e.g., spray paint) are time-intensive to apply. For steel bridges, in which members are treated with a protective multilayer paint coating, the pattern must also be applied without removing the protective coating system and be compatible with the coating system such that it follows the strain in the steel. This paper investigates pressure-activated adhesive tape as a strategy to rapidly apply a stochastic pattern for full-field monitoring of steel bridges. A stochastic pattern, designed for minimal noise in DIC measurements, can be generated electronically and printed on the tape prior to tape installation. This paper investigates tape as a pattern strategy by performing tensile tests on bare and coated steel samples. Measured DIC results using tape patterning are compared with readings from conventional instrumentation (i.e., strain gauges and extensometer) and DIC measurements using spray paint patterning, as well as finite element predictions. The results clearly indicate that the pressure-activated adhesive tape follows the strain in both bare and coated steel and affords a viable patterning approach to implement DIC in monitoring and assessing steel bridges.

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“…Gerbo et al. [9] introduced 3D digital image correlation (DIC) as a new nondestructive approach for measuring residual strains in press-braked thick steel plate with small bending angle (≤30°). He performed 2D and 3D FEM to validate the new approach and recommended 3D-FE for detailed investigation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An investigation on longitudinal residual strains distribution of thin-walled press-braked cold formed steel sections using 3D FEM technique

Mutafi

Yidris

Ishak

et al. 2018

Heliyon

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Steel sections are normally shaped via cold work manufacturing processes. The extent of cold work to shape the steel sections might induce residual stresses in the region of bending. Previously, researchers had performed studies on the influences of local buckling on the failure behavior of steel compression members which shown that failure will happen when most of the yielding has extended to the middle surface in the bend region of the sections. Therefore, these cold work methods may have major effect on the behavior of the steel section and also its load-bearing capability. In addition, another factor may play significant role in formed section's load-bearing capacity which is the longitudinal residual strain. The longitudinal residual strain raised during forming procedure can be used to define the section imperfection of the formed section and its relation to the existence of defects. Therefore, the main motivation of this research paper is to perform three-dimensional finite element (3D-FE) to investigate peak longitudinal residual strains of a thin-walled steel plate with large bending angle along member length. A 3D finite element simulation in ABAQUS has been employed to simulate this forming process. The study concluded that the longitudinal residual strain at the section corner edge was higher than those at the rest of the corner region. These strains at the edge were higher than the yield strain true(εytrue) of the formed section which occurred due to the lack of transverse restraint. This made the plate edge tended to bend toward the normal direction when it was under a high transverse bending. This causes a significant difference in longitudinal strain at the plate edge.

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Full-field measurement of residual strains in cold bent steel plates

Cited by 17 publications

References 49 publications

Numerical Prediction of Residual Stresses Distribution in Thin-Walled Press-Braked Stainless Steel Sections

Numerical Prediction of Residual Stresses Distribution in Thin-Walled Press-Braked Stainless Steel Sections

Pressure‐activated adhesive tape pattern for monitoring the structural condition of steel bridges via digital image correlation

An investigation on longitudinal residual strains distribution of thin-walled press-braked cold formed steel sections using 3D FEM technique

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