Full-Field Interferometric Imaging of Action Potentials

Boyle, Kevin C.; Ling, Taotao; Goetz, Georges; Alfonso, Felix S.; Huang, Tiffany; Palanker, Daniel

doi:10.1364/brain.2019.bm4a.2

Cited by 1 publication

(3 citation statements)

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“…We have indicated that the action potential is always accompanied by a synchronised pressure pulse (Johnson andWinlow, 2018a,b, 2019) which we refer to as a soliton. Furthermore, deformations to the membrane in the form of a pressure pulse have recently been confirmed with interferometric imaging (Ling et al, 2018;Boyle et al, 2019). We consider that for propagation to occur it is probable that this pressure pulse does not need to form a soliton only a disturbance in the membrane sufficient to open adjacent ion channels (Johnson and Winlow, 2018a).…”

Section: Neurons In Biological Neural Networkmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…A typical speed of an action potential along an unmyelinated axon in the CNS is about 0.3 m/s. From this the minimum distance between the start of the action potential and the peak of the spike can be calculated, interferometry has recorded action potential at about 30 mm/s (Ling et al, 2018;Boyle et al, 2019). Previously, Johnson and Winlow (2017) discussed how the phase ternary action potential both synchronised and corrected for error.…”

Section: Neurons In Biological Neural Networkmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The neural networks of the CNS and retina contain small unmyelinated neurites and the smaller figure is used in our calculations. The velocity of action potential for an unmyelinated axon has been measured by interferometry in nerve tissue at about 0.3 m/s (Boyle et al, 2019).…”

Section: Digitisation Of Light Receptor Outputs By Phasementioning

confidence: 99%

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Does the Brain Function as a Quantum Phase Computer Using Phase Ternary Computation?

Johnson

Winlow

2021

Front. Physiol.

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Here we provide evidence that the fundamental basis of nervous communication is derived from a pressure pulse/soliton capable of computation with sufficient temporal precision to overcome any processing errors. Signalling and computing within the nervous system are complex and different phenomena. Action potentials are plastic and this makes the action potential peak an inappropriate fixed point for neural computation, but the action potential threshold is suitable for this purpose. Furthermore, neural models timed by spiking neurons operate below the rate necessary to overcome processing error. Using retinal processing as our example, we demonstrate that the contemporary theory of nerve conduction based on cable theory is inappropriate to account for the short computational time necessary for the full functioning of the retina and by implication the rest of the brain. Moreover, cable theory cannot be instrumental in the propagation of the action potential because at the activation-threshold there is insufficient charge at the activation site for successive ion channels to be electrostatically opened. Deconstruction of the brain neural network suggests that it is a member of a group of Quantum phase computers of which the Turing machine is the simplest: the brain is another based upon phase ternary computation. However, attempts to use Turing based mechanisms cannot resolve the coding of the retina or the computation of intelligence, as the technology of Turing based computers is fundamentally different. We demonstrate that that coding in the brain neural network is quantum based, where the quanta have a temporal variable and a phase-base variable enabling phase ternary computation as previously demonstrated in the retina.

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Section: Neurons In Biological Neural Networkmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Neurons In Biological Neural Networkmentioning

confidence: 99%