Full chain energy analysis of fuel ethanol from cane molasses in Thailand

Nguyen, Thu Lan T.; Gheewala, Shabbir H.; Garivait, Savitri

doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2008.02.002

Cited by 77 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Bio-ethanol production from mahula flowers, a renewable forest product with no extra cost for cultivation (except collection, transportation and storage) has an advantage over other sugar crops, such as sugar cane and sugar beet, as these crops are cultivated in fertile agricultural land with substantial input of fertilizers, pesticides and provision for irrigation, which together account for higher cost of ethanol production (Nguyen et al 2008). Similarly, the conversion of starchy biomass from cassava (Nellaiah & Gunasekaran 1992;Hu et al 2004Hu et al , 2006 and sweet potato (Ray & Naskar 2008) involves complicated steps such as liquefaction (conversion of starch to dextrin units) and saccharification (conversion of dextrin units to sugars) (Chandel et al 2007) before fermentation by alcohol-producing bacterial or yeast strains; these steps enhance production cost of ethanol (in terms of energy consumed and extratime period taken) in comparison to ethanol production from sugar crops.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ethanol fermentation of mahula (Madhuca latifolia) flowers using free and immobilized bacteria Zymomonas mobilis MTCC 92

2010

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Mahula (Madhuca latifolia L.) is a deciduous tree commonly found in the tropical rain forests of Asian and Australian continent. Corolla, the edible part of its flowers, is rich in fermentable sugar (37 ± 0.23%; on dry weight basis). Batch fermentation of mahula flowers was carried out using Zymomonas mobilis MTCC 92 free cells and cells immobilized in calcium alginate matrix. The ethanol productions were 122.9 ± 0.972 and 134.6 ± 0.104 g/kg flowers on dry weight basis using free and immobilized cells, respectively, after 96 h of fermentation, which showed that cells entrapped in calcium alginate matrix yielded 8.7% more ethanol than free cells. Further, the immobilized cells were physiologically active up to three more cycles of fermentation producing 132.7 ± 0.095, 130.5 ± 0.09 and 128.7 ± 0.056 g ethanol per kg flower in first, second and third cycle, respectively.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ethanol fermentation of mahula (Madhuca latifolia) flowers using free and immobilized bacteria Zymomonas mobilis MTCC 92

2010

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“…These models are able to evaluate alternative liquid fuels. A number of studies have been published for North America, Europe and other regions with localized conclusions, based these or similar models [16][17][18][19][20][21]. The conclusions are, however, very geographically dependent and therefore will not necessarily be applicable to other places.…”

Section: Life-cycle Analysis Is a Useful Tool For Policy Decision Makingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Life-Cycle Energy Use and Greenhouse Gas Emissions Analysis for Bio-Liquid Jet Fuel from Open Pond-Based Micro-Algae under China Conditions

Yan

Zhang

et al. 2013

Energies

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Abstract:A life-cycle analysis (LCA) of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and energy use was performed to study bio-jet fuel (BJF) production from micro-algae grown in open ponds under Chinese conditions using the Tsinghua University LCA Model (TLCAM). Attention was paid to energy recovery through biogas production and cogeneration of heat and power (CHP) from the residual biomass after oil extraction, including fugitive methane (CH 4 ) emissions during the production of biogas and nitrous oxide (N 2 O) emissions during the use of digestate (solid residue from anaerobic digestion) as agricultural fertilizer. Analyses were performed based on examination of process parameters, mass balance conditions, material requirement, energy consumptions and the realities of energy supply and transport in China (i.e., electricity generation and heat supply primarily based on coal, multiple transport modes). Our LCA result of the BJF pathway showed that, compared with the traditional petrochemical pathway, this new pathway will increase the overall fossil energy use and carbon emission by 39% and 70%, respectively, while decrease petroleum consumption by about 84%, based on the same units of energy service. Moreover, the energy conservation and emission reduction benefit of this new pathway may be accomplished by two sets of approaches: wider adoption of low-carbon process fuels and optimization of algae cultivation and harvest, and oil extraction processes. OPEN ACCESSEnergies 2013, 6 4898

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“…For ethanol production in Thailand, a number of raw materials are used such as molasses and cassava 5,6 . Cassava (Manihot esculenta), in particular, is considered a main industrial crop.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ethanol production from cassava using a newly isolated thermotolerant yeast strain

Kaewkrajay¹,

Dethoup²,

Limtong³

2014

ScienceAsia

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Efficient ethanol production using thermotolerant yeast strains was carried out with a newly isolated yeast strain called 267. Strains were isolated with an enriched technique consisting of a blackstrap molasses medium supplemented with 40 ml/l of ethanol at 25-28°C. The results revealed that 33 strains produced ethanol at 45°C in the cassava starch hydrolysate medium, pH 4.5, which was composed of 180 g/l reducing sugar and 0.5 g/l (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 , with a shaking speed of 120 rpm. The highest ethanol concentrations (26.2, 26.2, 23.6, and 22.5 g/l) were found from Pichia kudriavzevii strains PBB511-1, TM512-2, CPY514-1, and TG514-2, respectively. The yeast strain PBB511-1, which produced the highest ethanol yield, was selected for ethanol production in the shaking flask at 45°C. Ethanol production reached the highest level after 36 h in a medium composed of 180 g/l reducing sugar, 0.5 g/l (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 , 0.5 g/l KH 2 PO 4 , 0.5 g/l MgSO 4 · 7 H 2 O, and 1 g/l yeast extract. It produced 37 g/l ethanol, with a productivity of 1.03 (g/l)/h and a yield of 40% of the theoretical yield. The ethanol production by batch fermentation at 45°C was performed in a 7-l jar fermenter with an agitation speed of 300 rpm and an aeration rate of 0.2 vvm throughout the fermentation. The results implied that the maximum ethanol concentration was 42.4 g/l after 48 h, at a rate of 0.88 (g/l)/h and a yield of 46% of the theoretical yield.

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Full chain energy analysis of fuel ethanol from cane molasses in Thailand

Cited by 77 publications

References 11 publications

Ethanol fermentation of mahula (Madhuca latifolia) flowers using free and immobilized bacteria Zymomonas mobilis MTCC 92

Ethanol fermentation of mahula (Madhuca latifolia) flowers using free and immobilized bacteria Zymomonas mobilis MTCC 92

Life-Cycle Energy Use and Greenhouse Gas Emissions Analysis for Bio-Liquid Jet Fuel from Open Pond-Based Micro-Algae under China Conditions

Ethanol production from cassava using a newly isolated thermotolerant yeast strain

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