Full-Band Signal Extraction From Sensors in Extreme Environments: The NASA InSight Microseismometer

Stott, Alexander; Charalambous, Constantinos; Warren, T.; Pike, W. T.

doi:10.1109/jsen.2018.2871342

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…A simple lumped-element thermal model of the SPs can be constructed to quantify the thermal response (Stott et al 2018). One node is the sensor, with a temperature sensor measured from the resistance of a gold element on the frame of the proof-mass die.…”

Section: Seis Sub-system Descriptionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

SEIS: Insight’s Seismic Experiment for Internal Structure of Mars

et al. 2019

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By the end of 2018, 42 years after the landing of the two Viking seismometers on Mars, InSight will deploy onto Mars’ surface the SEIS ( S eismic E xperiment for I nternal S tructure) instrument; a six-axes seismometer equipped with both a long-period three-axes Very Broad Band (VBB) instrument and a three-axes short-period (SP) instrument. These six sensors will cover a broad range of the seismic bandwidth, from 0.01 Hz to 50 Hz, with possible extension to longer periods. Data will be transmitted in the form of three continuous VBB components at 2 sample per second (sps), an estimation of the short period energy content from the SP at 1 sps and a continuous compound VBB/SP vertical axis at 10 sps. The continuous streams will be augmented by requested event data with sample rates from 20 to 100 sps. SEIS will improve upon the existing resolution of Viking’s Mars seismic monitoring by a factor of at 1 Hz and at 0.1 Hz. An additional major improvement is that, contrary to Viking, the seismometers will be deployed via a robotic arm directly onto Mars’ surface and will be protected against temperature and wind by highly efficient thermal and wind shielding. Based on existing knowledge of Mars, it is reasonable to infer a moment magnitude detection threshold of at epicentral distance and a potential to detect several tens of quakes and about five impacts per year. In this paper, we first describe the science goals of the experiment and the rationale used to define its requirements. We then provide a detailed description of the hardware, from the sensors to the deployment system and associated performance, including transfer functions of the seismic sensors and temperature sensors. We conclude by describing the experiment ground segment, including data processing services, outreach and education networks and provide a description of the format to be used for future data distribution. Electronic Supplementary Material The online version of this article (10.1007/s11214-018-0574-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Seis Sub-system Descriptionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

SEIS: Insight’s Seismic Experiment for Internal Structure of Mars

et al. 2019

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“…[ 32,33 ] More details about the accelerometers performance comparisons are described in Supporting Information I. Optomechanical accelerometers with external piezoelectric stages and calibration have also been tested with outdoor operation. [ 34–37 ] Unlike these previously demonstrated optomechanical accelerometers, here we demonstrate a new transduction mechanism which is not based on the optical readout through measuring the shift or broadening of optical resonances via dispersive and dissipative optomechanical coupling.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Such examples include nanobeam cavities at 10 g/Hz 1/2 (1 g = 9.81 m/s 2 ) resolution (sensing bandwidth 5 to 25 kHz) with lock-in detection [30], cantilevered whispering gallery mode (WGM) spherical silica cavities at 4.5 g/Hz 1/2 resolution (sensing bandwidth 10 to 100 Hz) [31], and bulk fiber-optic cavities at 100 ng/Hz1/2 resolution (sensing bandwidth 1 to 10 kHz) [32,33]. Optomechanical accelerometers with external piezoelectric stages and calibration have also been tested with outdoor operation [34][35][36][37].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Chip‐Scale Oscillation‐Mode Optomechanical Inertial Sensor Near the Thermodynamical Limits

Huang

Flores

et al. 2020

Laser & Photonics Reviews

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Modern navigation systems integrate the global positioning system (GPS) with an inertial navigation system (INS), which complement each other for correct attitude and velocity determination. The core of the INS integrates accelerometers and gyroscopes used to measure forces and angular rate in the vehicular inertial reference frame. With the help of gyroscopes and by integrating the acceleration to compute velocity and distance, precision and compact accelerometers with sufficient accuracy can provide small-error location determination. Solid-state implementations, through coherent readout, can provide a platform for high performance acceleration detection. In contrast to prior accelerometers using piezoelectric or capacitive readout techniques, optical readout provides narrow-linewidth high-sensitivity laser detection along with low-noise resonant optomechanical transduction near the thermodynamical limits. Here an optomechanical inertial sensor with an 8.2 µg Hz −1/2 velocity random walk (VRW) at an acquisition rate of 100 Hz and 50.9 µg bias instability is demonstrated, suitable for applications, such as, inertial navigation, inclination sensing, platform stabilization, and/or wearable device motion detection. Driven into optomechanical sustained-oscillation, the slot photonic crystal cavity provides radio-frequency readout of the optically-driven transduction with an enhanced 625 µg Hz −1 sensitivity. Measuring the optomechanically-stiffened oscillation shift, instead of the optical transmission shift, provides a 220× VRW enhancement over pre-oscillation mode detection.

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“…The SP velocity output is proportional to jolt (the derivative of acceleration) at longer periods, whereas its response to temperature is in acceleration. The sensor's thermal response consists of both a linear and thermoelastic component (Stott et al, 2018). The SP1 (or U, the vertical component) has a predominantly linear response in acceleration, and is the most sensitive to temperature.…”

Section: Sp Temperature Patternmentioning

confidence: 99%

Companion guide to the Marsquake Catalog from InSight, Sols 0-478: data content and non-seismic events

Ceylan¹,

Clinton²,

Giardini³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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The InSight (Interior Exploration using Seismic Investigations, Geodesy and Heat Transport) mission landed on the surface of Mars on November 26, 2018. One of the scientific instruments in the payload that is essential to the mission is the SEIS package (Seismic Experiment for Interior Structure) which includes a very broadband and a short period seismometer. More than one year since the landing, SEIS continues to be fully operational and has been collecting an exceptional data set which contains not only the signals of seismic origins, but also noise and artifacts induced by the martian environment, the hardware on the ground that includes the seismic sensors, and the programmed operational activities of the lander . Many of these non-seismic signals will be unfamiliar to the scientific community. In addition, many of these signals have signatures that may resemble seismic events either or both in time and frequency domains. Here, we report our observations of common non-seismic signals as seen during the first 478 sols of the SEIS data, i.e. from landing till the end of March 2020. This manuscript is intended to provide a guide to scientists who use the data recorded on SEIS, detailing the general attributes of the most commonly observed non-seismic features. It will help to clarify the characteristics of the seismic dataset for future research, and to avoid misinterpretations when searching for events.

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Full-Band Signal Extraction From Sensors in Extreme Environments: The NASA InSight Microseismometer

Cited by 10 publications

References 24 publications

SEIS: Insight’s Seismic Experiment for Internal Structure of Mars

SEIS: Insight’s Seismic Experiment for Internal Structure of Mars

A Chip‐Scale Oscillation‐Mode Optomechanical Inertial Sensor Near the Thermodynamical Limits

Companion guide to the Marsquake Catalog from InSight, Sols 0-478: data content and non-seismic events

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