Full- and part-time work: gender and welfare-type differences in European working conditions, job satisfaction, health status, and psychosocial issues

Bartoll, Xavier; Cortès, Imma; Artazcoz, Lucı́a

doi:10.5271/sjweh.3429

Cited by 51 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 23 publications

(24 reference statements)

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“…This pattern is the same as that observed in another two studies, among younger teachers 40) and older workers from Germany 41) . Regarding the concurrent associations with poor health functioning and depressive symptoms, in line with earlier evidence of positive 20 , 22) or null 23 , 24) associations, the findings based on data from New Zealand older workers are mixed. Particularly, we did not find any significant effects of effort-reward ratio on physical health in both full-time and part-time groups.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

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Validating the short measure of the Effort‐Reward Imbalance Questionnaire in older workers in the context of New Zealand

Herr

Allen

et al. 2017

Journal of Occupational Health

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Objectives: The objective of this study was to validate a short version of the Effort-Reward-Imbalance (ERI) questionnaire in the context of New Zealand among older full-time and part-time employees. Methods: Data were collected from 1694 adults aged 48-83 years (mean 60 years, 53% female) who reported being in full- or part-time paid employment in the 2010 wave of the New Zealand Health, Work and Retirement study. Scale reliability was evaluated by item-total correlations and Cronbach's alpha. Factorial validity was assessed using multi-group confirmatory factor analyses assessing nested models of configural, metric, scalar and strict invariance across full- and part-time employment groups. Logistic regressions estimated associations of effort-reward ratio and over-commitment with poor physical/mental health, and depressive symptoms. Results: Internal consistency of ERI scales was high across employment groups: effort 0.78-0.76; reward 0.81-0.77, and over-commitment 0.83-0.80. The three-factor model displayed acceptable fit in the overall sample (X2/df = 10.31; CFI = 0.95; TLI = 0.94; RMSEA = 0.075), and decrements in model fit indices provided evidence for strict invariance of the three-factor ERI model across full-time and part-time employment groups. High effort-reward ratio scores were consistently associated with poor mental health and depressive symptoms for both employment groups. High over-commitment was associated with poor mental health and depressive symptoms in both groups and also with poor physical health in the full-time employment group. Conclusions: The short ERI questionnaire appears to be a valid instrument to assess adverse psychosocial work characteristics in old full-time and part-time employees in New Zealand.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

“…It has been suggested that part-time employment can produce significant effects on worker' health 20) and can even lead premature death 21) . The link between part-time employment and poor health appears to be mediated by adverse psychosocial work conditions 20 , 22) . However, research findings have been inconsistent.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validating the short measure of the Effort‐Reward Imbalance Questionnaire in older workers in the context of New Zealand

Herr

Allen

et al. 2017

Journal of Occupational Health

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“…Regarding work schedule, a growing body of evidence suggests that night/rotating/irregular shift work is more harmful to mental health than daytime work condition [ 15 , 37 , 43 – 45 ], suggesting that the research on the relationship between work hours and DDS should rule out or at least statistically control for the influence of work schedules to produce more accurate estimates [ 5 ]. With respect to employment status, part-time employment has been reported to be more detrimental to health than full-time employment, especially among those involuntarily working part-time [ 32 , 46 , 47 ]. In accordance with these reports, one study confirmed the importance of distinguishing between overtime and long working hours among full- and part-time employees in relation to work-related outcomes, i.e., motivation and fatigue [ 48 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long working hours, job satisfaction, and depressive symptoms: a community-based cross-sectional study among Japanese employees in small- and medium-scale businesses

Nakata

2017

Oncotarget

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Although long working hours have been suspected to be a risk factor for depressive symptoms (DS), it is not well understood the conditions under which long working hours are associated with it. This study investigated the moderating effect of job satisfaction on the relationship between working hours and DS. A total of 2,375 full-time non-shift day workers (73% men), aged 18–79 (mean 45) years, in 296 small- and medium-scale businesses were surveyed using a self-administered questionnaire evaluating working hours, job satisfaction, DS and covariates. The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale (CES-D) was used to assess DS. Risk of DS (CES-D ≥ 16) by working hours, job satisfaction, and both combined was estimated by multivariable logistic regression analysis. Compared to participants working 6–8 hrs/day, those working 12+ hrs/day had significantly higher odds of DS (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.49), while participants with low satisfaction, as opposed to high satisfaction, had increased odds of DS (aOR 1.81). Furthermore, compared to those working 6–8 hrs/day with high satisfaction (reference group), participants working 6-8 hrs/day, > 8 to 10 hrs/day, and > 10 hrs/day combined with low satisfaction had dose-response increase of DS (aOR 1.48, 2.21 and 2.31, respectively, p < 0.05), whereas those working > 8 to 10 hrs/day and > 10 hrs/day combined with high satisfaction had not (aOR 0.93 and 1.39, respectively, p > 0.10). The results suggest that long working hours are associated with increased risk of DS only under reduced job satisfaction condition, which highlights the importance of improving job satisfaction, particularly among those working excessive hours.

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“…Many studies have observed a negative association between precarious employment and workers' health outcomes, in terms of self-rated health (SRH), psychological distress, and mortality. [1][2][3][4][5][6] Similar and mostly overlapped types of employment, such as temporary, non-permanent, part-time, and more broadly atypical=non-standard employment, have also been noted to be negatively related to workers' health, [7][8][9][10][11] whereas some studies were skeptical about their negative association. 12,13 Precarious employment has become a common phenomenon in increasingly "flexible" labor markets in advanced countries over the past decades, reflecting the increased pressure on cost-cutting under global competition and labor market deregulation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We also compared the results between men and women, considering the possibility of gender differences in the association between precarious employment and health, as studies have already observed. 3,7,27…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association Between Area-level Risk of Job Instability and Workers’ Health: A Multi-level Analysis Using Population-based Survey Data From Japan

Oshio

2021

Journal of Epidemiology

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Background: Precarious job status is negatively related with workers' health. Research has yet to address whether and to what extent the area-level risk of precarious employment is associated with workers' health, independently from their job status. We addressed this issue in the present study. Methods: We estimated multi-level logistic regression models using repeated cross-sectional data comprising 253,048 men and 210,761 women aged 20-59 years who were living in 47 prefectures. This data were obtained from population-based surveys conducted in 2010, 2013, and 2016 in Japan. Results: For male workers, the estimated odds of reporting poor self-rated health, subjective symptoms, and problems in activities of daily living for those residing in the prefectures in the highest tertile of the proportion of precarious employees were 1.10 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.01-1.18), 1.12 (95% CI, 1.05-1.19), and 1.15 (95% CI, 1.04-1.28) times, respectively, higher than those living in the prefectures in the lowest tertile, even after controlling for individuals' job status and key covariates. The results remained largely similar, despite focusing on the sample with information about household income, which was available from the survey, and controlling for it. In contrast, the results indicated that women's health outcomes were not associated with the prefecture-level proportion of precarious employees. Conclusions: The area-level risk of precarious employment matters for male workers' health independently from their job status, underscoring the importance of policy measures aimed to reduce the adverse impacts of precarious employment on workers' health.

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Full- and part-time work: gender and welfare-type differences in European working conditions, job satisfaction, health status, and psychosocial issues

Cited by 51 publications

References 23 publications

Validating the short measure of the Effort‐Reward Imbalance Questionnaire in older workers in the context of New Zealand

Validating the short measure of the Effort‐Reward Imbalance Questionnaire in older workers in the context of New Zealand

Long working hours, job satisfaction, and depressive symptoms: a community-based cross-sectional study among Japanese employees in small- and medium-scale businesses

Association Between Area-level Risk of Job Instability and Workers’ Health: A Multi-level Analysis Using Population-based Survey Data From Japan

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