Fukushima Radioactivity Impact

Povinec, Pavel P.; Hirose, Katsumi; Aoyama, Michio

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-408132-1.00005-x

Cited by 30 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 198 publications

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“…However, this figure also demonstrates that while the 14 C activity falls off to a value indistinguishable from background by around 30 km, the 134 Cs and 131 I activities are measureable at >60 km. The spatial distributions of the latter radionuclides in the terrestrial environment were thought to be influenced not only by wind transport but also by precipitation in each location as well as their ratios as particulate forms in the air6. In contrast, the 14 C is fixed by photosynthesis and cellulose formation, and expected to remain in the same locations, whereas the post-depositional behaviours of 134,137 Cs and 129,131 I are prone to redistribution.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1), numerous studies of Fukushima-derived radionuclides in the worldwide environment have been conducted to reconstruct the history, levels and geochemical behaviours of the releases67. However, these studies mainly focused on relatively short-lived radionuclides such as 134,137 Cs and 131 I. Measurements of long-lived radionuclides such as 14 C, 36 Cl, 129 I or 236 U are still relatively limited and in particular, 14 C remains as one of Fukushima’s most understudied radionuclides7.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Radiocarbon Releases from the 2011 Fukushima Nuclear Accident

Cresswell

Dunbar

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

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Radiocarbon activities were measured in annual tree rings for the years 2009 to 2015 from Japanese cedar trees (Cryptomeria japonica) collected at six sites ranging from 2.5–38 km northwest and north of the Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear power plant. The 14C specific activity varied from 280.4 Bq kg−1 C in 2010 to 226.0 Bq kg−1 C in 2015. The elevated 14C activities in the 2009 and 2010 rings confirmed 14C discharges during routine reactor operations, whereas those activities that were indistinguishable from background in 2012–2015 coincided with the permanent shutdown of the reactors after the accident in 2011. High-resolution 14C analysis of the 2011 ring indicated 14C releases during the Fukushima accident. The resulted 14C activity decreased with increasing distance from the plant. The maximum 14C activity released during the period of the accident was measured 42.4 Bq kg−1 C above the natural ambient 14C background. Our findings indicate that, unlike other Fukushima-derived radionuclides, the 14C released during the accident is indistinguishable from ambient background beyond the local environment (~30 km from the plant). Furthermore, the resulting dose to the local population from the excess 14C activities is negligible compared to the dose from natural/nuclear weapons sources.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Radiocarbon Releases from the 2011 Fukushima Nuclear Accident

Cresswell

Dunbar

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

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“…The post-Fukushima dose estimations have mostly been carried out for inhalation, external irradiation and consumption of radionuclide contaminated terrestrial food220. The aim of the present paper has been to estimate radiation doses to the Japanese and world population due to the ingestion of seafood contaminated by Fukushima-derived radionuclides (mainly by Cs and Sr radioisotopes), and to compare them with other radionuclide sources in the marine environment (e.g.…”

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confidence: 99%

Fukushima radionuclides in the NW Pacific and assessment of doses for Japanese and world population from ingestion of seafood

Povinec

Hirose

2015

Sci Rep

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Variations of Fukushima-derived radionuclides (90Sr, 134Cs and 137Cs) in seawater and biota offshore Fukushima and in the NW Pacific Ocean were investigated and radiation doses to the Japanese and world population from ingestion of seafood contaminated by Fukushima radionuclides were estimated and compared with those from other sources of anthropogenic and natural radionuclides. The total effective dose commitment from ingestion of radionuclides in fish, shellfish and seaweed caught in coastal waters off Fukushima was estimated to be 0.6 ± 0.4 mSv/y. The individual effective dose commitment from consumption of radioactive-contaminated fish caught in the open Pacific Ocean was estimated to be 0.07 ± 0.05 mSv/y. These doses are comparable or much lower than doses delivered from the consumption of natural 210Po in fish and in shellfish (0.7 mSv/y). The estimated individual doses have been below the levels when any health damage of the Japanese and world population could be expected.

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“…The total amounts of 131 I and 137 Cs released into the atmosphere were reported to be in the order of 10 17 and 10 16 Bq, respectively (Chino et al, 2011;Povinec et al, 2013). Because 131 I has a relatively short half-life (t 1/2 ) of 8.0 d, radioactive cesium ( 134 Cs (t 1/2 : 2.1 y) and 137 Cs (t 1/2 : 30 y)), hereinafter collectively referred to as radiocesium, was the dominant contaminants.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radioactivity decontamination in and around school facilities in Fukushima

Saegusa

Tagawa

Kurikami

et al. 2016

Mechanical Engineering Journal

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Approximately two months after the Fukushima nuclear accident, the Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA) led off a series of demonstration tests to develop effective but easily applicable decontamination methods for various school facilities in Fukushima. This effort included (1) dose reduction measures in schoolyards, (2) purification of swimming pool water, and (3) removal of surface contamination from playground equipment. Through these demonstration tests, they established practical methods suitable for each situation: (1) In schoolyards, dose rates were drastically reduced by removing topsoil, which was then placed in 1-m-deep trenches at a corner of the schoolyard. (2) For the purification of pool water, the flocculation coagulation treatment was found to be effective for collecting radiocesium dissolved in the water. (3) Demonstration tests for playground equipment, such as horizontal bars and a sandbox wood frame indicated that the decontamination effectiveness considerably varied depending on the material, paint or coating condition of each equipment piece. These findings were summarized in reports, some of which were compiled in local/national guidelines or handbooks for decontaminating the living environment in Fukushima.

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Fukushima Radioactivity Impact

Cited by 30 publications

References 198 publications

Radiocarbon Releases from the 2011 Fukushima Nuclear Accident

Radiocarbon Releases from the 2011 Fukushima Nuclear Accident

Fukushima radionuclides in the NW Pacific and assessment of doses for Japanese and world population from ingestion of seafood

Radioactivity decontamination in and around school facilities in Fukushima

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