2019
DOI: 10.1007/s10555-019-09795-4
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Fugitives on the run: circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in metastatic diseases

Abstract: The presence of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in the bloodstream signals the existence of a tumor and denotes risk of metastatic spread. CTCs can be isolated and analyzed to monitor cancer progression and therapeutic response. However, CTC isolation devices have shown considerable variation in detection rates, limiting their use as a routine diagnostic and monitoring tool. In this review, we discuss recent advances in CTC detection methodologies and associated clinical studies. We provide perspective on the f… Show more

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Cited by 25 publications
(20 citation statements)
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“…Since the CellSearch system depends on EpCAM and since EpCAM is not expressed in all nmBC tissues [24] or EpCAM expression may be lowered or lost during epithelial-tomesenchymal transition [25,26], many alternative assays have been developed (an in-depth overview in the study of Mamdouhi et al [27]). However, generally, the prognostic value of CTC assays alternative to CellSearch has been more or less anecdotal and less rigorous than that of CellSearch.…”
Section: Ctc Detection Using Other Systemsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Since the CellSearch system depends on EpCAM and since EpCAM is not expressed in all nmBC tissues [24] or EpCAM expression may be lowered or lost during epithelial-tomesenchymal transition [25,26], many alternative assays have been developed (an in-depth overview in the study of Mamdouhi et al [27]). However, generally, the prognostic value of CTC assays alternative to CellSearch has been more or less anecdotal and less rigorous than that of CellSearch.…”
Section: Ctc Detection Using Other Systemsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Based on the “seed and soil” theory, a small portion of CTCs (<0.01%) may seed a secondary tumor (metastasis) . Clinical evidence has demonstrated the presence of CTCs in various metastatic carcinomas (e.g., melanoma, breast, and prostate) . It has also been reported that CTCs can be used for studying protein localization and cell morphology of tumor cells, which cannot be provided by other liquid biopsy biomarkers .…”
Section: Plasmonic Nanomaterial‐based Sers Liquid Biopsy Analysesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Potential challenges may include low amounts of CTCs and ctDNA in samples, lack of pre-analytical and analytical consensus, clinical validation, regulatory endorsement and cost effectiveness [ 97 , 98 ]. Currently, the use of CTCs in routine diagnostics is limited, mainly due to methodological constraints, such as the lack of an established assessment practice, beyond enumeration [ 99 , 100 ]. The epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM)-dependent technique was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 2004, and represents the “gold standard” for CTC isolation in different cancers, including CRC [ 101 ].…”
Section: Current Issues and Limitations Of Liquid Biopsymentioning
confidence: 99%