Fuels for energy metabolism in the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say

Weeda, E.; Kort, C.A.D. de; Beenakkers, A.M.Th.

doi:10.1016/0022-1910(79)90108-2

Cited by 61 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The degree of Pro utilization for flight ranges from the ‘sparker’ function in the blowfly Phormia regina [57] to the combined use of Pro and carbohydrates in the Colorado potato beetle Leptinotarsa decemlineata [58], the African fruit beetle Pachnoda sinuata [59, 60], and the blister beetle Decapotoma lunata ([61], to exclusive catabolism of Pro in the tsetse fly [42] and possibly some scarab beetles [62, 63]. Given that there are no known specialized storage organs for Pro, this amino acid must, therefore, be synthetically produced during flight.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolic pathways inAnopheles stephensimitochondria

Giulivi

Ross-Inta

Horton

et al. 2008

Biochemical Journal

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No studies have been performed on mitochondria of malaria vector mosquitoes. This information would be valuable in understanding mosquito aging and detoxification of insecticides, two parameters that significantly impact malaria parasite transmission in endemic regions. Here, we report the analyses of respiration and oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria of cultured cells (ASE line) from Anopheles stephensi, a major vector of malaria in India, Southeast Asia and parts of the Middle East. ASE cell mitochondria shared many features in common with mammalian muscle mitochondria, despite the fact that these cells have a larval origin. However, two major differences with mammalian mitochondria were apparent. One, the glycerol-phosphate shuttle plays a major role in NADH oxidation in ASE cell mitochondria as it does in insect muscle mitochondria. In contrast, mammalian white muscle mitochondria depend primarily on lactate dehydrogenase, whereas red muscle mitochondria depend on the malate-oxaloacetate shuttle. Two, ASE mitochondria were able to oxidize Pro at a rate comparable with that of α-glycerophosphate. However, the Pro pathway appeared to differ from the currently accepted pathway, in that ketoglutarate could be catabolyzed completely by the Krebs cycle or via transamination depending on the ATP need.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolic pathways inAnopheles stephensimitochondria

Giulivi

Ross-Inta

Horton

et al. 2008

Biochemical Journal

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“…Alanine is reused for the synthesis of proline in the fat body and is considered a shuttle for the transport of acetate units from the fat body to muscles. Several studies have shown that fatty acids stored in the fat body provide the acetate units required for proline synthesis (16, 29, 134). Furthermore, flight and AKH promote a parallel increase in lipase activity and proline synthesis in beetles (16), and extracts of corpora cardiaca induce both lipolysis and proline synthesis in tsetse fly fat body (101).…”

Section: Mobilization Of Lipid Reservesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insect Fat Body: Energy, Metabolism, and Regulation

Arrese¹,

Soulages²

2010

Annu. Rev. Entomol.

1,879

1,547

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The fat body plays major roles in the life of insects. It is a dynamic tissue involved in multiple metabolic functions. One of these functions is to store and release energy in response to the energy demands of the insect. Insects store energy reserves in the form of glycogen and triglycerides in the adipocytes, the main fat body cell. Insect adipocytes can store a great amount of lipid reserves as cytoplasmic lipid droplets. Lipid metabolism is essential for growth and reproduction and provides energy needed during extended nonfeeding periods. This review focuses on energy storage and release and summarizes current understanding of the mechanisms underlying these processes in insects. INSECT FAT BODY: AN OVERVIEWThe insect fat body plays an essential role in energy storage and utilization. It is the central storage depot for excess nutrients. In addition, it is an organ of great biosynthetic and metabolic activity (77). Fat body cells not only control the synthesis and utilization of energy reserves-fat and glycogen-but also synthesize most of the hemolymph proteins and circulating metabolites. Large amounts of relevant proteins, such as storage proteins used as an amino acid reservoir for morphogenesis, lipophorins responsible for the lipid transport in circulation, or vitellogenins for egg maturation, are secreted by the fat body (74). Most of the insect's intermediary metabolism takes place in this organ, including lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, protein synthesis, and amino acid and nitrogen metabolism. Some metabolic processes are stage specific such as the synthesis and secretion of storage proteins into the hemolymph that occur in the feeding larva or the synthesis of vitellogenin in adult insects.To perform multiple metabolic functions to fulfill the changing physiological needs of the insect during development, the fat body must be able to integrate signals from other organs. Many of these functions are hormonally regulated, and thus the fat body is the target organ of several hormones (47,107). At the same time, the fat body responds to the metabolic requirements of the organ itself. Therefore, several metabolic processes in the fat body must be tightly coupled to a number of metabolic pathways.Physiological systems to sense nutrient reserves are expected in all organisms, and in insects nutrient sensing itself appears to be the domain of the fat body (87). Studies of Drosophila melanogaster and, more recently, mosquitoes have shown that the fat body specifically expresses aminoacid transporters that function as nutrient sensors (14,61). The level of nutrient reserves accumulated in the fat body modulates several important aspects of the insect's life such as the rate of insect growth, the timing of metamorphosis, and egg development (87). The fat body coordinates insect growth with metamorphosis or reproduction by storing or releasing components central to these events. For example, the synthesis of vitellogenin in the fat body of Aedes aegypti female mosquitoes is NIH Public Access

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“…Partial oxidation of proline as a major source of energy was so far discovered in the tsetse fly (Bursell, 1981) and various beetle species (Weeda et al, 1979;Zebe and Ga¨de, 1993;Ga¨de, 1997a,b;Ga¨de and Auerswald, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%