Fuel quality issues in stationary fuel cell systems.

Coupling adsorption with biotechnologies for siloxane abatement from biogas

“…The bed volumes of gas treated at D4 breakthrough were They reported that terpenes such as limonene were strongly adsorbed in similar activated carbons to the AC1 studied herein. Moreover, increasing their concentration (among other parameters) led to reducing the time for siloxane D4 to break through, thus requiring an earlier bed replacement [26]. The aforementioned authors also noted that hexane could negatively affect siloxane adsorption according to the theoretical models from single-compound adsorption isotherms.…”

“…Target compounds for adsorption tests were selected based on their occurrence in biogas, including siloxanes and volatile organic compounds. Papadias et al, (2011) set up an exhaustive database of common impurities found in biogas from different sources (i.e. digesters and landfills) reaching three hundred species classified in several categories according to their chemical nature [26].…”

“…Papadias et al, (2011) set up an exhaustive database of common impurities found in biogas from different sources (i.e. digesters and landfills) reaching three hundred species classified in several categories according to their chemical nature [26]. Among the most characteristic categories hexane was chosen from the class of alkanes, limonene from the cyclic hydrocarbons, toluene from aromatic hydrocarbons, and D4 and D5 as the most representative siloxanes.…”

Efficient removal of siloxanes and volatile organic compounds from sewage biogas by an anoxic biotrickling filter supplemented with activated carbon

“…In stage II (days 43-152), the target pollutant was switched to a multicomponent mixture of siloxanes (D4 and D5) and VOCs (hexane, toluene and limonene) in the concentrations described in Table 1. These biogas pollutants were selected based on an exhaustive database set up by Papadias et al, (2011) of published data on impurities found in the biogas produced by anaerobic digestion of sewage sludge. Nearly 300 biogas contaminants were included and classified in different categories, with special attention into their concentration range.…”

“…Based on the microbial analysis conducted in stage I, a concentrated culture of P. aeruginosa was used to re-inoculate the BTF at day 43 in order to boost the siloxane removal capacity of the system. The feed gas composition was switched to a multicomponent mixture of siloxanes (D4 and D5) and VOCs (toluene, limonene and hexane) typically found in sewage biogas (Papadias et al, 2011). Abiotic tests with the multicomponent mixture were performed in a twin parallel BTF in the same conditions.…”