Fuel Properties of Butanol – Hydrogenated Vegetable Oil Blends as a Diesel Extender Option for Internal Combustion Engines

Abstract

European legislation and new engine technologies require better quality in fuels, and the diesel scandal pushes engine and fuel developers to investigate new solutions. The decrease of fossil energy sources and the new, stricter emission regulations necessitate the discovery of renewable sources. Biofuels are an obvious solution to replace fossil fuels in a more environmentally conscious way. This study presents a new approach with the analytical investigation of butanol, hydrogenated vegetable oil, and diesel oil blends.In the presented phase of the research, our focus was on the most application- critical chemical properties of the fuels, to analyze if the three component blends are suitable for compression ignition engines. A wide-ranging chemical-analytical test plan was prepared with nearly 20 parameters measured of the chemical and physical parameters of blends, especially regarding flash point, cetane number, viscosity and cold filter plugging point (CFPP).The findings prove that from an engine-critical characteristics point of view butanol – hydrogenated vegetable oil – diesel blends are a potential solution, as HVO and butanol counterbalance its critical parameters.

Biodiesel and green diesel generation: an overview

“…The energy content of renewable diesel is higher than that of biodiesel in MJ/kg, i.e. the mass and volume required to meet the test specifications of renewable diesel [79]. Low sulphur and metal-free content make it suitable for various applications.…”

Research of Energy and Ecological Indicators of a Compression Ignition Engine Fuelled with Diesel, Biodiesel (RME-Based) and Isopropanol Fuel Blends

“…The density difference between the fuels was found to decrease with increasing alcohol concentration as seen in Table 4. Since the molecular mass of alcohols is lower than that of diesel and biodiesel [57][58][59][60], with the alcohol content increasing from 5% to 10%, the density was found to decrease by 1.45%, and with an additional increase from 10% to 20%, the density decreased by nearly 0.17%. When compared to diesel, fuel blends with a 5 and 10% alcohol content tended to be denser, and the D50RME30P20 blend tended to have a lower density compared to conventional fuel as calculated and presented in Table 4.…”

“…Energies 2020, 13, x FOR PEER REVIEW 12 of 18 premixed combustion phase [58]. The LHV of isopropanol is lower, but this is offset by the higher fuel content (Figure 7), and the diffusion combustion phase produces a similar amount of heat for all fuels.…”

“…The maximum rate of 34.8 J/deg (~8% higher) was observed with the D50RME4P5 fuel blend, while the maximum rate of D50RME40P10 was 38.1 J/deg (~19% higher) and that of D50RME30P20-46.4 J/deg (~44% higher). Isopropanol reduces the cetane number (Table 4), prolongs the ignition delay phase and significantly increases the maximum ROHR during the premixed combustion phase [58]. The LHV of isopropanol is lower, but this is offset by the higher fuel content (Figure 7), and the diffusion combustion phase produces a similar amount of heat for all fuels.…”

Effects of Boundary Conditions on a Bosch-Type Injection Rate Meter

“…Fuel quantity, timing and regulation have to be very accurate in all engine operating points. Engines are designed to treat average diesel fuel according to the standards (Zöldy 2020). Fuel injection during one engine cycle is split into 2…7 parts to maintain the desired burn rate and through this engine performance and raw emission (Hiwase et al 2013;Agarwal et al 2013).…”