Fuel processing for fuel cells and power to fuels as seen from an industrial perspective

Hansen, Jens Peter

doi:10.1016/j.jcat.2015.04.014

Cited by 19 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…Sheu et al discussed recent developments and potential innovations such as chemical looping and membrane reactors in relation to solar methane reforming systems. Studies of reforming processes for different types of fuels and the related hydrogen purification and CO reduction processes were reported by Qi et al Hansen focused on fuel processing systems with an emphasis on the industrial aspects of fuel cells and electrolyzers. LeValley et al introduced recent developments in steam reforming hydrogen production technologies and water‐gas shift (WGS) catalysts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An overview of the methanol reforming process: Comparison of fuels, catalysts, reformers, and systems

et al. 2019

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Summary One of the main challenges facing power generation by fuel cells involves the difficulties related to hydrogen storage. Several methods have been suggested and studied by researchers to overcome this problem. Among these methods, using fuel reformers as a component of the fuel cell system is a practical and promising alternative to hydrogen storage. Among many hydrogen carrier fuels used in reformers, methanol is one of the most attractive ones because of its distinctive properties. To design and improve of the methanol reformate gas fuel cell systems, different aspects such as promising market applications for reformate gas–fueled fuel cell systems, and catalysts for methanol reforming should be considered. Therefore, our goal in this paper is to provide a comprehensive overview on the past and recent studies regarding methanol reforming technologies, while considering different aspects of this topic. Firstly, different fuel reforming processes are briefly explained in the first section of the paper. Then properties of various fuels and reforming of these fuels are compared, and the characteristics of commercial reformate gas–fueled systems are presented. The main objective of the first section of the paper is to give information about studies and market applications related to reformation of various fuels to understand advantages and disadvantages of using various fuels for different practical applications. In the next sections of the paper, advancements in the methanol reforming technology are explained. The methanol reforming catalysts and reaction kinetics studies by various researchers are reviewed, and the advantages and disadvantages of each catalyst are discussed, followed by presenting the studies accomplished on different types of reformers. The effects of operating parameters on methanol reforming are also discussed. In the last section of this paper, methanol reformate gas–fueled fuel cell systems are reviewed. Overall, this review paper provides insight to researchers on what has been accomplished so far in the field of methanol reforming for fuel cell power generation applications to better plan the next stage of studies in this field.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An overview of the methanol reforming process: Comparison of fuels, catalysts, reformers, and systems

et al. 2019

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“…Furthermore, increased NO x , N 2 O, and NH 3 emissions may result from the presence of additional reactive nitrogen during combustion. Alternatively, ammonia may be used in FCV by inserting a reactor to crack or reform ammonia into N 2 and H 2 prior to utilization in the fuel cell …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Alternatively, ammonia may be used in FCV by inserting a reactor to crack or reform ammonia into N 2 and H 2 prior to utilization in the fuel cell. 10 Another major contributor to the environmental impact of ammonia fuel, on a life-cycle basis, is the upstream production process. Ammonia is produced commercially via the energyand carbon-intensive Haber−Bosch process.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of the Automotive Ammonia Fuel Cycle Using P-Graphs

Angeles

Are

Aviso

et al. 2017

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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Ammonia is a potential low-carbon alternative automotive fuel. However, it is produced commercially via the energy-and greenhouse gas-intensive Haber−Bosch process, and its nitrogen footprint may also detract from its environmental benefits. Thus, whether its use as an automotive fuel is sustainable from a life-cycle standpoint remains in question. In this study, a P-graph model is developed to determine the best well-to-wheel pathway for the use of ammonia as an automotive fuel, using carbon and nitrogen footprints as dual environmental criteria. Multiple fossil fuel-based and biomass-based ammonia production processes are considered, as well as different drivetrain configurations that include internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEV) and fuel cell vehicles (FCV). In the case of ICEV, the model also considers the secondary fuels needed to allow ammonia use in existing engines. Solving the P-graph model identifies the optimal pathway as cyanobacteria-based ammonia production coupled with FCV. This pathway has a carbon footprint of 4.96 g CO 2 equiv/km and a nitrogen footprint of 0.325 g reactive N/km. The model also identifies a cluster of near-optimal solutions, for which possible technology improvements are discussed.

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“…Solid oxide cells are considered a promising energy technology because of their high theoretical efficiency (due to the high operating temperature of 850 to 1200 K) in both SOFC and SOEC mode [1]. In order to achieve the high theoretical efficiency, the flow in the cells must be close to uniform.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of a new flow design for solid oxide cells using computational fluid dynamics modelling

Duhn

Jensen

Wedel

et al. 2016

Journal of Power Sources

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Fuel processing for fuel cells and power to fuels as seen from an industrial perspective

Cited by 19 publications

References 50 publications

An overview of the methanol reforming process: Comparison of fuels, catalysts, reformers, and systems

An overview of the methanol reforming process: Comparison of fuels, catalysts, reformers, and systems

Optimization of the Automotive Ammonia Fuel Cycle Using P-Graphs

Optimization of a new flow design for solid oxide cells using computational fluid dynamics modelling

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