Fuel-N Evolution during the Pyrolysis of Industrial Biomass Wastes with High Nitrogen Content

Chen, Hongfang; Wang, Yin; Xu, Guangwen; Yoshikawa, Kunio

doi:10.3390/en5125418

Cited by 65 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Researches have been conducted to investigate the nitrogen release during biomass pyrolysis. It was reported that the gaseous components generally contain NH 3 , HCN, HNCO, and NO [13][14][15]. Two approaches, chemical method and thermogravimetry infrared spectrum (TG-FTIR) method, were frequently used to research the conversion of fuel-N into gaseous nitrogen components.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Release Mechanism of Fuel-N into NOx and N2O Precursors during Pyrolysis of Rice Straw

Liu

Luo

et al. 2018

Energies

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Rice straw, which is a typical agricultural residue in China, was pyrolyzed in a horizontal tube reactor connected with a Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analyzer at temperatures ranging from 500 to 900 • C to research the release mechanism of fuel-N into NO x and N 2 O precursors. The concentrations of gaseous nitrogen components were monitored online. NH 3 , HCN, HNCO, as well as NO were identified components. A high dependency between the gaseous products and temperature was found. NH 3 and HNCO preferred to be formed at lower temperatures and HCN tended to form at higher temperatures. It is worth noting that NO was also an important product. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was performed to analyze the nitrogen species in rice straw. The result showed that amino-N (N-A) was the main form of nitrogen which accounted for 88.85%. Pyrrolic-N (N-5) was also identified and occupied the rest. Then nitrogen modeling compounds, glycine and pyrrole, were appropriately selected based on the results of XPS to well understand the nitrogen release mechanism during pyrolysis of rice straw. The formation routes of all the nitrogen gaseous components were confirmed. NH 3 , HNCO and NO were originated from the decomposition of amino-N. While both amino-N and pyrrolic-N produced HCN. NO was not detected during the pyrolysis of pyrrole and a little NO was found during the pyrolysis of glycine. Hence, it can be deduced that the large amount of NO formed during the pyrolysis of rice straw was due to the direct oxidization reaction of-NH and-OH, the latter is abundant in the raw material. In order to provide evidence for this deduction, cellulose was added to increase the amount of-OH and co-pyrolysis of cellulose and glycine was conducted. The effect of-OH on the formation of NO was confirmed. Then, the release mechanism of fuel-N into NO x and N 2 O precursors during rice straw pyrolysis was concluded based on the experimental results.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Chemical method was carried out by many researches [13,14,[16][17][18][19][20][21][22]. In those studies, NH 3 and HCN were absorbed by acid and alkaline solutions to form NH 4 + and CN − , respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Release Mechanism of Fuel-N into NOx and N2O Precursors during Pyrolysis of Rice Straw

Liu

Luo

et al. 2018

Energies

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“…However, these bio-wastes are usually of high moisture content (around 56 wt.% for MSW and 80 wt.% for sewage sludge), high nitrogen (N) (e.g. sewage sludge: 1.0-10.0 wt.% at dry basis (db) [26][27][28][29][30][31]; mycelial waste: 2.0-9.0 wt.% (db) [32]; distilled spirits lees: about 3 wt.% (db) [33]) or chlorine (Cl) content (as high as 1.6 wt.% (db) for MSW because of the existence of plastic [34]) [33]. Direct incineration encounters various problems, such as hard to ignite, unsteady and unstable combustion, incomplete combustion, and huge amount of gaseous pollutants due to the high moisture content.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clean solid biofuel production from high moisture content waste biomass employing hydrothermal treatment

et al. 2014

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Our society currently faces three challenges, including resource depletion, waste accumulation and environmental degradation, leading to rapidly escalating raw material costs and increasingly expensive and restrictive waste disposal legislation. This work aims to produce clean solid biofuel from high moisture content waste biomass (bio-waste) with high nitrogen (N)/chlorine (Cl) content by mild hydrothermal (HT) conversion processes. The newest results are summarized and discussed in terms of the mechanical dewatering and upgrading, dechlorination, denitrification and coalification resulting from the HT pretreatment. Moreover, both the mono-combustion and co-combustion characteristics of the solid fuel are reviewed by concentrating on the pollutants emission control, especially the NO emission properties. In addition, the feasibility of this HT solid biofuel production process is also discussed in terms of "Energy Balance and economic viability". As an alternative to dry combustion/dry pyrolysis/co-combustion, the HT process, combining the dehydration and decarboxylation of a biomass to raise its carbon content aiming to achieve a higher calorific value, opens up the field of potential feedstock for lignite-like solid biofuel production from a wide range of nontraditional renewable and plentiful wet agricultural residues, sludge and municipal wastes. It would contribute to a wider application of HT pretreatment bio-wastes for safe disposal and energy recycling.

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“…The distribution of nitrogen-containing gases released from DKP pyrolysis was almost the opposite under the two different experiment conditions. The release of tar was dependent on the particle diameter of DKP and the heating rate of the fuel, which further influenced the distribution of fuel nitrogen in gaseous products [4,[18][19][20][21]. In addition, DKP was put into the reactor in different ways in Hansson's [9] and our experiments [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Effect of Temperature and Mineral Matter on the Formation of NOx Precursors during Fast Pyrolysis of 2,5-Diketopiperazine

et al. 2018

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2,5-diketopiperazine (DKP) was used as a N-containing model compound to investigate the formation pathway of NOx precursors (HCN, NH 3 , and HNCO) during biomass pyrolysis. The experiment was carried out using a tube furnace coupled with a Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer in an argon atmosphere. The results showed that NH 3 , HCN, and HNCO were the major N-containing species formed during DKP fast pyrolysis. The largest yield was HCN, followed by NH 3 and lastly HNCO. When the pyrolysis temperature was increased, the yield of NH 3 increased slowly, but the yield of HCN decreased slightly at 800~950 • C and the change accelerate rapidly above 950 • C. Then NH 3 became the main product above 1020 • C. The temperature influence was negligible on the selectivity between HCN and NH 3 from pyrolysis of DKP. H radicals played an important role in competitive reactions. It was also noted that the presence of Na + , K + , Ca 2+ , and Mg 2+ exhibited a catalytic effect on nitrogen conversion during the DKP fast pyrolysis process. K + and Na + were beneficial to the yield of NH 3 , but not to the yield of HCN. Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ could promote the formation of HCN, but prevent the formation of NH 3 .

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Fuel-N Evolution during the Pyrolysis of Industrial Biomass Wastes with High Nitrogen Content

Cited by 65 publications

References 39 publications

Release Mechanism of Fuel-N into NOx and N2O Precursors during Pyrolysis of Rice Straw

Release Mechanism of Fuel-N into NOx and N2O Precursors during Pyrolysis of Rice Straw

Clean solid biofuel production from high moisture content waste biomass employing hydrothermal treatment

Effect of Temperature and Mineral Matter on the Formation of NOx Precursors during Fast Pyrolysis of 2,5-Diketopiperazine

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