Fuel Mass-Loss Rate Determination in a Confined and Mechanically Ventilated Compartment Fire Using a Global Approach

Nasr, Anouar; Suard, Sylvain; El-Rabii, Hazem; Garo, Jean-Pierre

doi:10.1080/00102202.2011.596174

Cited by 36 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Moreover, these last ones mainly aimed at studying the failures modes of electrical cables used as target submitted to fire conditions. In contrast, a lot of investigations, using hydrocarbon (Pretrel, ‐ Nasr, Melis, and Lassus), alcohol, polymethyl methacrylate, or wood (Delichatsios) as fuel, were conducted in mechanically ventilated compartments. These fire tests showed a significant influence of ventilation both on combustion behaviour and species product formation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cable tray fire tests in a confined and mechanically ventilated facility

Zavaleta

Audouin

2017

Fire and Materials

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Cable fires are one of the main fire hazards in nuclear power plants. As part of the cable fire spreading (CFS) campaign of the OECD PRISME-2 programme, 3 real-scale cable tray fire testswere performed in open atmosphere (1 CFS support test, named CFSS-2) and in a confined and mechanically ventilated facility (2 CFS tests, named CFS-3 and CFS-4). This study aims at investigating the effects of confined and ventilated conditions on cable tray fires that used a halogen-free flame retardant cable-type. The CFS-3 and CFS-4 tests involved 2 ventilation renewal rates of 4 and 15 h −1 , respectively. The confined conditions lead to decrease the fire growth rate and the peaks of mass loss rate and heat release rate, compared with open atmosphere. The reductions are larger for the lower ventilation renewal rate. Furthermore, it is shown that the CFS-4 test may be classified as a well-ventilated fire and the CFS-3 test as an under-ventilated fire. For this last one, its fire characteristics and its consequences in the fire room highlight an oscillatory behaviour, with the same low frequency, for about 30 minutes.These oscillations arise from successive combustions of unburnt gases.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cable tray fire tests in a confined and mechanically ventilated facility

Zavaleta

Audouin

2017

Fire and Materials

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“…Nasr et al (2011) developed a model to determine the fuel MLR in a mechanically-ventilated confined compartment using a global method. This model is based on an energy balance at the fuel surface considering the radiative flux emitted by the flame and nonnegligible mass transfer number B…”

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confidence: 99%

Effect of Oxygen on the Burning Behavior of Liquid and Solid Fuels in a Large-Scale Calorimeter

2019

JAFM

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The purpose of this experimental study was twofold: first, to explore and understand the effects of oxygen availability on the combustion of liquid and solid fuels; second, to provide data for comparison with CFD models. Experiments were conducted in the controlled-atmosphere calorimeter of IRSN, called CADUCEE, varying the oxygen concentration in the oxidizing stream and the size of the fire. Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) and heptane were used as fuels. Results are found to be in good agreement with the literature data. As the oxygen level decreases, the mass loss rate and flame heat feedback decrease, as well as the flame height and maximum flame temperature, for both fuels whatever the sample size. For heptane pool fires, temperature measurements in the liquid layer reveal a decrease in heat transfer at the fuel surface and inside the fuel with the oxygen molar fraction. For PMMA, the radiative and convective contributions to the total heat flux remain nearly constant, with about 65% and 35% respectively, regardless of sample size and oxygen concentration.

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“…The decreased ventilation rate increases the mixing rate of combustion products and incoming air, resulting in the hot layer approaching the compartment floor. In this case, the cold ambient air stream entering the compartment is increasingly entrained into the hot gas products, due to buoyancy and shear mixing occurring near the opening; these phenomena lead to the reduction of oxygen feeding the flame [31,37]. As a result, the fuel consumption rate in test case W-2.35L is reduced compared to test case D-2.35L.…”

Section: Fuel Consumption Rate and Germentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics of Externally Venting Flames and Their Effect on the Façade: A Detailed Experimental Study

et al. 2016

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In a compartment fire, Externally Venting Flames (EVF) may significantly increase the risk of fire spreading to adjacent floors or buildings; EVF-induced risks are constantly growing due to the ever-increasing trend of using combustible materials in building facades. The main aim of this work is to investigate the fundamental physical phenomena associated with Externally Venting Flames (EVF) and the factors influencing their dynamic development. In this context, a series of fire tests is conducted in a medium-scale compartment-façade configuration; an n-hexane liquid pool fire is employed, aiming to realistically simulate an "expendable" fire source. A parametric study is performed by varying the fire load density (127.75, 255.5 and 511 MJ/m 2) and opening factor (0.071 and 0.033 m 3/2). Emphasis is given to characterization of the thermal field developing adjacent to the façade wall. Experimental results suggest that the three characteristic EVF phases, namely "internal flaming", "intermittent flame ejection" and "consistent external flaming", are mainly affected by the opening dimensions, whereas the fuel load has a notable impact on the fuel consumption rate and heat flux to the façade. Fuel consumption rates were found to increase with increasing fire load and opening area, whereas the global equivalence ratio increases with decreasing opening factor. The obtained extensive set of experimental data can be used to validate CFD fire models as well as to evaluate the accuracy of available fire design correlations.

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Fuel Mass-Loss Rate Determination in a Confined and Mechanically Ventilated Compartment Fire Using a Global Approach

Cited by 36 publications

References 19 publications

Cable tray fire tests in a confined and mechanically ventilated facility

Cable tray fire tests in a confined and mechanically ventilated facility

Effect of Oxygen on the Burning Behavior of Liquid and Solid Fuels in a Large-Scale Calorimeter

Characteristics of Externally Venting Flames and Their Effect on the Façade: A Detailed Experimental Study

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