Fuel Lubricity: Statistical Analysis of Literature Data

Lacey, Paul I.; Mason, R. L.

doi:10.4271/2000-01-1917

Cited by 28 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The specified maximum allowable wear scars are 460 mm (at 60 7C) in EN 590 [28] and 520 mm (at 60 7C) in ASTM D975 [29]. However, a recent study indicated that fuels with wear scars greater than 460 mm (at 60 7C) may not possess sufficient lubricity for practical use in a diesel engine [30]. Both the SME and PHSME lubricity data reported here (Tab.…”

Section: Lubricity and Viscositymentioning

confidence: 97%

Evaluation of partially hydrogenated methyl esters of soybean oil as biodiesel

Moser

Haas

Winkler

et al. 2007

Euro J Lipid Sci & Tech

101

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Biodiesel, an alternative fuel derived from vegetable oils or animal fats, continues to undergo rapid worldwide growth. Specifications mandating biodiesel quality, most notably in Europe (EN 14214) and the USA (ASTM D6751), have emerged that limit feedstock choice in the production of biodiesel fuel. For instance, EN 14214 contains a specification for iodine value (IV; 120 g I2/100 g maximum) that eliminates soybean oil as a potential feedstock, as it generally has an IV >120. Therefore, partially hydrogenated soybean oil methyl esters (PHSME; IV = 116) were evaluated as biodiesel by measuring a number of fuel properties, such as oxidative stability, low‐temperature performance, lubricity, kinematic viscosity, and specific gravity. Compared to soybean oil methyl esters (SME), PHSME were found to have superior oxidative stability, similar specific gravity, but inferior low‐temperature performance, kinematic viscosity, and lubricity. The kinematic viscosity and lubricity of PHSME, however, were within the prescribed US and European limits. There is no universal value for low‐temperature performance in biodiesel specifications, but PHSME have superior cold flow behavior when compared to other alternative feedstock fuels, such as palm oil, tallow and grease methyl esters. The production of PHSME from refined soybean oil would increase biodiesel production costs by US$ 0.04/L (US$ 0.15/gal) in comparison to SME. In summary, PHSME are within both the European and American standards for all properties measured in this study and deserve consideration as a potential biodiesel fuel.

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Section: Lubricity and Viscositymentioning

confidence: 97%

Evaluation of partially hydrogenated methyl esters of soybean oil as biodiesel

Moser

Haas

Winkler

et al. 2007

Euro J Lipid Sci & Tech

101

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“…The most promising features of the HFRR were the wide range of results obtained for different diesels, demonstrating a good degree of selectivity, and the positive response to boundary additives. However, a comparison of literature data has shown that there is a poor correlation between measurements with HFRR at 60 °C, the temperature used in the standardised test, and pump tests [6]. Analysis of the literature data also indicates a bias in the results.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wear and Electrical Resistance on Diesel Lubricated Surfaces Undergoing Reciprocating Sliding

et al. 2004

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Tribological tests, using the high-frequency reciprocating rig (HFRR), were carried out on commercial diesel fuels with a range of lubricities as well as on solutions of methyl stearate and stearic acid in ultra-low-sulphur, additive-free diesel. The surfaces of discs used in the HFRR tests were measured with micro-Raman and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS). These measurements showed that amorphous carbon was formed during reciprocating sliding, the structure of which was related to the lubricity as measured by the average wear scar on the ball. Magnetite (Fe 3 0 4) and hematite (a-Fe 2 0 3) were also detected on the surfaces. In most cases, the detection of hematite in the wear track was also associated with low wear. However, hematite was found in the wear particles of all samples. The build up of a film, measured by electrical resistance, was attributed to the presence of hematite, which has a much lower electrical conductivity than magnetite.

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“…This observation coupled with an extensive statistical analysis of HFRR results indicate that the viscosity of the fuel may have a significant influence on the wear scar diameter. 8 From these studies, it was concluded that a low viscosity fuel needs to have a higher lubricity than a similar high viscosity fuel in order to obtain acceptable lifetime of the injection pumps.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Squeezing molecular thin alkane lubrication films between curved solid surfaces with long-range elasticity: Layering transitions and wear

Sivebæk

Самойлов

Persson

2003

The Journal of Chemical Physics

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The properties of alkane lubricants confined between two approaching solids are investigated by a model that accounts for the curvature and the elastic properties of the solid surfaces. We consider linear alkane molecules of different chain lengths, C 3 H 8 , C 4 H 10 , C 8 H 18 , C 9 H 20 , C 10 H 22 , C 12 H 26 , and C 14 H 30 confined between smooth gold surfaces. In most cases we observe well defined molecular layers develop in the lubricant film when the width of the film is of the order of a few atomic diameters. An external squeezing-pressure induces discontinuous, thermally activated changes in the number n of lubricant layers. We find that with increasing alkane chain length, the transition from n to nϪ1 layers occurs at higher pressure, as expected based on the increasing wettability ͑or spreading pressure͒ with increasing chain length. Thus, the longer alkanes are better boundary lubricants than the shorter ones, and this should result in less wear. We obtain good correlation between our theoretical results and wear experiments.

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Fuel Lubricity: Statistical Analysis of Literature Data

Cited by 28 publications

References 14 publications

Evaluation of partially hydrogenated methyl esters of soybean oil as biodiesel

Evaluation of partially hydrogenated methyl esters of soybean oil as biodiesel

Wear and Electrical Resistance on Diesel Lubricated Surfaces Undergoing Reciprocating Sliding

Squeezing molecular thin alkane lubrication films between curved solid surfaces with long-range elasticity: Layering transitions and wear

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