Fuel Ethanol Production from Lignocellulosic Raw Materials Using Recombinant Yeasts

Stanley, Grant A.; Hahn‐Hägerdal, Bärbel

doi:10.1002/9780470750025.ch13

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 174 publications

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“…Many new ethanol plants are being built to increase supply, and researchers are investigating ways of increasing ethanol output [3]. One approach that can be used to achieve this end is improvement of the microbial strains used in fermentation [25]. A considerable amount of research to date has focussed on improving the ethanol tolerance of ethanolproducing organisms, in the belief that such improvement will consequently lead to higher ethanol productivities and yields [10,29].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Generation and characterisation of stable ethanol-tolerant mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Stanley

Fraser

Chambers

et al. 2009

J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol

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Saccharomyces spp. are widely used for ethanologenic fermentations, however yeast metabolic rate and viability decrease as ethanol accumulates during fermentation, compromising ethanol yield. Improving ethanol tolerance in yeast should, therefore, reduce the impact of ethanol toxicity on fermentation performance. The purpose of the current work was to generate and characterise ethanol-tolerant yeast mutants by subjecting mutagenised and non-mutagenised populations of Saccharomyces cerevisiae W303-1A to adaptive evolution using ethanol stress as a selection pressure. Mutants CM1 (chemically mutagenised) and SM1 (spontaneous) had increased acclimation and growth rates when cultivated in sub-lethal ethanol concentrations, and their survivability in lethal ethanol concentrations was considerably improved compared with the parent strain. The mutants utilised glucose at a higher rate than the parent in the presence of ethanol and an initial glucose concentration of 20 g l(-1). At a glucose concentration of 100 g l(-1), SM1 had the highest glucose utilisation rate in the presence or absence of ethanol. The mutants produced substantially more glycerol than the parent and, although acetate was only detectable in ethanol-stressed cultures, both mutants produced more acetate than the parent. It is suggested that the increased ethanol tolerance of the mutants is due to their elevated glycerol production rates and the potential of this to increase the ratio of oxidised and reduced forms of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD(+)/NADH) in an ethanol-compromised cell, stimulating glycolytic activity.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Generation and characterisation of stable ethanol-tolerant mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Stanley

Fraser

Chambers

et al. 2009

J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol

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“…Therefore, the ethanol tolerance of S. cerevisiae, which is closely related to ethanol productivity, is an important factor in industrial ethanol production. Indeed, many researchers are investigating ways of increasing ethanol productivity, and one approach is the improvement of microbial strains used in fermentation [14]. However, ethanol tolerance is associated with the interplay among complex networks at the genomic level.…”

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confidence: 99%

Creation of an Ethanol-Tolerant Yeast Strain by Genome Reconstruction Based on Chromosome Splitting Technology

Park

Sugiyama²,

Harashima³

et al. 2012

J. Microbiol. Biotechnol.

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We sought to breed an industrially useful yeast strain, specifically an ethanol-tolerant yeast strain that would be optimal for ethanol production, using a novel breeding method, called genome reconstruction, based on chromosome splitting technology. To induce genome reconstruction, Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain SH6310, which contains 31 chromosomes including 12 artificial mini-chromosomes, was continuously cultivated in YPD medium containing 6% to 10% ethanol for 33 days. The 12 mini-chromosomes can be randomly or specifically lost because they do not contain any genes that are essential under high-level ethanol conditions. The strains selected by inducing genome reconstruction grew about ten times more than SH6310 in 8% ethanol. To determine the effect of minichromosome loss on the ethanol tolerance phenotype, PCR and Southern hybridization were performed to detect the remaining mini-chromosomes. These analyses revealed the loss of mini-chromosomes no. 11 and no. 12. Mini-chromosome no. 11 contains ten genes (YKL225W,

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“…Unlike starch, which contains homogenous and easily hydrolysed polymers, each lignocellulose feedstock type presents its own challenges in ease of hydrolysis and fermentation 8 . Research in this area continues to focus on improving feedstock characteristics, reducing pretreatment costs, improving enzyme efficacy, lowering enzyme production costs, the development of productive and high yielding ethanologenic microorganisms and improving overall process integration 9 . Nonetheless, the intensive research effort has considerably reduced the costs associated with producing cellulosic ethanol in the last few years.…”

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confidence: 99%

Biofuels: the next generation

Stanley¹,

Dumsday²

2010

Microbiol. Aust.

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There are many issues with the continued use of fossil fuels for energy, including finite supply, energy security and their contribution to rising atmospheric CO2 concentrations and climate change, leading to substantial, increased interest in the research and development of renewable energy. In 2006, renewable energy provided only 2.5% of global energy needs, which is well short of the national renewable energy targets of many countries for the period 2020-2030, including Australia. For these reasons there is substantial investment in the development of renewable fuel technologies. Bioethanol and biodiesel derived from biomass are alternative fuels for which production capacity and demand is rapidly increasing.

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Fuel Ethanol Production from Lignocellulosic Raw Materials Using Recombinant Yeasts

Cited by 7 publications

References 174 publications

Generation and characterisation of stable ethanol-tolerant mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Generation and characterisation of stable ethanol-tolerant mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Creation of an Ethanol-Tolerant Yeast Strain by Genome Reconstruction Based on Chromosome Splitting Technology

Biofuels: the next generation

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