Fuel demand and emissions for maritime sector in Fiji: Current status and low-carbon strategies

Development of greenhouse gas emissions baseline and identification of carbon offset cost for maritime vessels of a developing country

“…Chang et al (2013) examined GHG emissions from port shipping activities in Korea's Port of Incheon and found significant differences when comparing the results of the bottom-up approach with the top-down approach. Additionally, several studies have discussed the best possible measures for climate mitigation in the maritime transportation sector (Li et al, 2019;MERSIN et al, 2019;Prasad and Raturi, 2019;Jiang et al, 2020;Joung et al, 2020;Zincir, 2020;Al-Enazi et al, 2021;Inal et al, 2021). However, no study has been found that explores and compares the overall GHG emission scenario from the maritime transportation sector by taking into account all types and sizes of maritime vesselsa research gap that is explored in this study.…”

The Maritime Sector and Its Problematic Decarbonization: A Systematic Review of the Contribution of Alternative Fuels

“…Cont. Fuel demand and emissions for maritime sector in Fiji: Current status and low-carbon strategies[139] How to decarbonise international shipping: Options for fuels, technologies and policies[12] Performance of marine diesel engine in propulsion mode with a waste oil-based alternative fuel[140] Well-to-wheel assessment of natural gas vehicles and their fuel supply infrastructures-Perspectives on gas in transport in Denmark[141] Well-to-wheel greenhouse gas emissions of battery electric vehicles in countries dependent on the import of fuels through maritime transportation: A South Korean case study[142] Alternative fuels for shipping : Optimising fleet composition under environmental and economic constraints [143] Techno-economic analysis of a decarbonized shipping sector: Technology suggestions for a fleet in 2030 and 2040 [52] Environmental impact categories of hydrogen and ammonia driven transoceanic maritime vehicles: A comparative evaluation [42] Assessment of full life-cycle air emissions of alternative shipping fuels [33] Application of Alternative Maritime Power (AMP) Supply to Cruise Port [144] Global energy scenarios and their implications for future shipped trade [145] Greenhouse gas emissions from ships in ports-Case studies in four continents [34] State-of-the-art technologies, measures, and potential for reducing GHG emissions from shipping-A review [28] Waste oil-based alternative fuels for marine diesel engines [146] Evaluation of pollutant emissions from two-stroke marine diesel engine fueled with biodiesel produced from various waste oils and diesel blends [147] Sustainable transport by use of alternative marine and aviation fuels-A well-to-tank analysis to assess interactions with Singapore's energy system [148] Reducing GHG emissions from ships in port areas [32] Emission Reductions of Nitrogen Oxides, Particulate Matter and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons by Using Microalgae Biodiesel, Butanol and Water in Diesel Engine [149] Effect of hydrogen addition on criteria and greenhouse gas emissions for a marine diesel engine [150] Impact of Sugarcane Renewable Fuel on In-Use Gaseous and Particulate Matter Emissions from a Marine Vessel [151] Considerations on the potential use of Nuclear Small Modular Reactor (SMR) technology for merchant marine propulsion [37] Vessel optimisation for low carbon shipping [35] Effects of Biodiesel Blend on Marine Fuel Characteristics for Marine Vessels [44]Strategies for promoting biodiesel use in marine vessels[45] Natural gas as a fuel alternative for sustainable domestic passenger shipping in Greece[152] Emission characteristics of GTL fuel as an alternative to conventional marine gas oil[153]…”