Fuel crossover and internal current in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell from water visualization using X-ray radiography

3 In situ and operando determination of the water content distribution in proton conducting membranes for fuel cells: a critical review

“…For example, in order to visualize water concentration profiles, the cell has to be placed parallel to the X-ray beam. 94 This implies several difficulties such as the need to correctly position the cell along the incident beam direction, to use a FC with a limited lateral size and, finally, the impossibility of detecting in-plane heterogeneous water content (along the X-ray beam direction). A major drawback of X-ray compared to neutron radiography is the much lower selectivity/ sensitivity to water.…”

“…5). 94,96 But the membrane water content was not especially discussed. In our perspective, the work of Sasabe et al 96 appears particularly interesting, since it is carried out with a laboratory-based instrument and using a new approach (soft X-ray microscopy) leading to a spatial and temporal resolution as important as 0.8 mm and 2.0 s per frame.…”

Hydrogen permeation across super-thin membrane and the burning limitation in low-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell

“…The results showed that the effect of RH on the permeability coefficient seemed to be more complicated and membrane thickness at the same series did not play a significant role in the hydrogen crossover mechanism. Kim employed X‐ray radiography to analyze the fuel crossover visually in Gore Primea MEA at a given temperature and RH. After hydrogen gas injection into the anode side, the membrane swelled (increased membrane water content), and the liquid water produced was observed in the cathode gas diffusion layer.…”

Voltammetric and galvanostatic methods for measuring hydrogen crossover in fuel cell

“…Hydrogen permeation across the membrane is closely related with membrane degradation. The direct reaction between the fuel and the oxidant at the cathode surface (Kim et al, 2011) can result in the production of hydrogen peroxide (Liu and Zuckerbrod, 2005). Such an intermediate of oxygen reduction reaction subsequently decays to radical species, such as hydroxyl radicals, which continuously attack the membrane and promote chemical degradation of electrolyte material (Curtin et al, 2004;Inaba et al, 2006;Yuan et al, 2012).…”