Fuel–Coolant Interactions in Submarine Vulcanism

Peckover, R S; Buchanan, D. J.; Ashby, Darren

doi:10.1038/245307a0

Cited by 73 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Considering congenial conditions represented by abundant siliceous sediment, predominance of tholeiitic basalt and evidence of hydrothermal activities, a 246 P. Jauhari and S. D. Iyer natural field set-up in the CIOB seems to have prevailed, similar to the 'fuel-coolantinteraction' experiments of Peckover et al (1973) and Wohletz et al (1995). Possibly Fe-rich lavas or hydrothermal emanations may have interacted with the siliceous sediments and this resulted in localised hydrovolcanic event(s) and production of the spherules.…”

Section: Evidence Of Hydrothermal Activitymentioning

confidence: 74%

A Comprehensive View of Manganese Nodules and Volcanics of the Central Indian Ocean Basin

Jauhari

Iyer

2008

Marine Georesources & Geotechnology

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Section: Evidence Of Hydrothermal Activitymentioning

confidence: 74%

A Comprehensive View of Manganese Nodules and Volcanics of the Central Indian Ocean Basin

Jauhari

Iyer

2008

Marine Georesources & Geotechnology

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“…Under lower external pressure the exsolution of water from the magma would become important, provoking explosive reaction between the magma and the surrounding water. Peckover et al (1973) suggested that pillow stability was related to vaporization at the magma-water interface as well as to the original water content of the magma. They suggested that if the boiling bubble nucleation on the surface of the magma was heterogeneous, then explosive fuel-coolant interactions could occur.…”

Section: Influence Of Pressurementioning

confidence: 98%

Thermodynamics and fluid dynamics of effusive subglacial eruptions

Höskuldsson

Sparks

1997

Bulletin of Volcanology

110

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We consider the thermodynamic and fluid dynamic processes that occur during subglacial effusive eruptions. Subglacial eruptions typically generate catastrophic floods (jökulhlaups) due to melting of ice by lava and generation of a large water cavity. We consider the heat transfer from basaltic and rhyolitic lava eruptions to the ice for typical ranges of magma discharge and geometry of subglacial lavas in Iceland. Our analysis shows that the heat flux out of cooling lava is large enough to sustain vigorous natural convection in the surrounding meltwater. In subglacial eruptions the temperature difference driving convection is in the range 10-100 7C. Average temperature of the meltwater must exceed 4 7C and is usually substantially greater. We calculate melting rates of the walls of the ice cavity in the range 1-40 m/day, indicating that large subglacial lakes can form rapidly as observed in the 1918 eruption of Katla and the 1996 eruption of Gjálp fissure in Vatnajökull. The volume changes associated with subglacial eruptions can cause large pressure changes in the developing ice cavity. These pressure changes can be much larger than those associated with variation of bedrock and glacier surface topography. Previous models of water-cavity stability based on hydrostatic and equilibrium conditions may not be applicable to water cavities produced rapidly in volcanic eruptions. Energy released by cooling of basaltic lava at the temperature of 1200 7C results in a volume deficiency due to volume difference between ice and water, provided that heat exchange efficiency is greater than approximately 80%.A negative pressure change inhibits escape of water, allowing large cavities to build up. Rhyolitic eruptions and basaltic eruptions, with less than approximately 80% heat exchange efficiency, cause positive pressure changes promoting continual escape of meltwater. The pressure changes in the water cavity can cause surface deformation of the ice. Laboratory experiments were carried out to investigate the development of a water cavity by melting ice from a finite source area at its base. The results confirm that the water cavity develops by convective heat transfer.

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“…Wohletz 1983;Wohletz & McQueen 1984;Zimanowksi et al 1991;Fr6h-lich et al 1993;Bfittner et al 2000). Early studies were driven by the necessity of understanding hazards posed by industrial accidents involving spills of hot materials contacting cooler liquids (Lipsett 1966;Witte et al 1970), but were found to be broadly applicable to phreatomagmatic phenomena (Colgate & Sigurgeirsson 1973;Peckover et al 1973). The more vigorous events are termed explosive fuel-coolant interactions (FCI), and proceed as follows: (1) initial contact of water and melt produces an insulating vapour film; (2) instabilities at the meltvapour interface cause collapse of the vapour film and direct contact of the melt and water, as well as initial melt fragmentation; (3) the subsequent mixing and increase in hot melt surface area promotes efficient heat transfer to the water, generating further vapour and promoting further fragmentation; (4) escalating cycles of water-melt mixing, vapour production and energy release rapidly result in explosive expansion of the mixture of vapour and finely fragmented melt (Colgate & Sigurgeirsson 1973;Sheridan & Wohletz 1981, 1983Wohletz 1983Wohletz , 1986.…”

Section: Mechanisms Of Formation M a G M A -W A T E R Interactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rootless cones on Mars: a consequence of lava-ground ice interaction

Fagents

Lanagan

Greeley

2002

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Fields of small cratered cones on Mars are interpreted to have formed by rootless eruptions due to explosive interaction of lava with ground ice contained within the regolith beneath the flow. Melting and vaporization of the ice, and subsequent explosive expansion of the vapour, act to excavate the lava and construct a rootless cone around the explosion site. Similar features are found in Iceland, where flowing lavas encountered water-saturated substrates. The martian cones have basal diameters of c. 30-1000m and are located predominantly in the northern volcanic plains. High-resolution Mars Orbiter Camera images offer significant improvements over Viking data for interpretation of cone origins. A new model of the dynamics of cone formation indicates that very modest amounts of water ice are required to initiate and sustain the explosive interactions that produced the observed features. This is consistent with the likely low availability of water ice in the martian regolith. The scarcity of impact craters on many of the host lava flows indicates very young ages, suggesting that ground ice was present as recently as <10-100Ma, and may persist today. Rootless cones therefore act as a spatial and temporal probe of the distribution of ground ice on Mars, which is of key significance in understanding the evolution of the martian climate. The location of water in liquid or solid form is of great importance to future robotic and human exploration strategies, and to the search for extraterrestrial life.

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Fuel–Coolant Interactions in Submarine Vulcanism

Cited by 73 publications

References 9 publications

A Comprehensive View of Manganese Nodules and Volcanics of the Central Indian Ocean Basin

A Comprehensive View of Manganese Nodules and Volcanics of the Central Indian Ocean Basin

Thermodynamics and fluid dynamics of effusive subglacial eruptions

Rootless cones on Mars: a consequence of lava-ground ice interaction

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