Fuel cells for mobile applications, status, requirements and future application potential*1

Dönitz, W.

doi:10.1016/s0360-3199(97)00075-x

Cited by 51 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…The increased drive to create more efficient, portable, and flexible energy conversion technologies has led to a tremendous increase in research aimed at the design and development of active electrocatalysts for both the anode and the cathode of proton exchange membrane (PEM) based fuel cells [1][2][3][4][5]. PEM fuel cell efficiencies and power outputs have been limited by the achievable reaction rates and overpotentials associated with both electrodes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First Principles Analysis of the Electrocatalytic Oxidation of Methanol and Carbon Monoxide

2007

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The strong drive to commercialize fuel cells for portable as well as transportation power sources has led to the tremendous growth in fundamental research aimed at elucidating the catalytic paths and kinetics that govern the electrode performance of proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells. Advances in theory over the past decade coupled with the exponential increases in computational speed and memory have enabled theory to become an invaluable partner in elucidating the surface chemistry that controls different catalytic systems. Despite the significant advances in modeling vapor-phase catalytic systems, the widespread use of first principle theoretical calculations in the analysis of electrocatalytic systems has been rather limited due to the complex electrochemical environment. Herein, we describe the development and application of a first-principles-based approach termed the double reference method that can be used to simulate chemistry at an electrified interface. The simulations mimic the half-cell analysis that is currently used to evaluate electrochemical systems experimentally where the potential is set via an external potentiostat. We use this approach to simulate the potential dependence of elementary reaction energies and activation barriers for different electrocatalytic reactions important for the anode of the direct methanol fuel cell. More specifically we examine the potential-dependence for the activation of water and the oxidation of methanol and CO over model Pt and Pt alloy surfaces. The insights from these model systems are subsequently used to test alternative compositions for the development of improved catalytic materials for the anode of the direct methanol fuel cell.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First Principles Analysis of the Electrocatalytic Oxidation of Methanol and Carbon Monoxide

2007

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“…More recently, DME bed is one way to attain higher DME conversions. has been considered as a promising hydrogen source for Currently proposed catalysts for DME steam reform low-temperature fuel cells 1), 2) . DME can be produced ing show catalytic functions for both DME hydration from either methanol using solid acids 3), 4) or syngas using and CH3OH steam reforming.…”

Section: Introduction So4mentioning

confidence: 99%

Steam Reforming of Dimethyl Ether over Cu/ZnO/ZrO2 and γ-Al2O3 Mixed Catalyst Prepared by Extrusion

博之¹,

渉²,

知哉³

et al. 2008

J. Jpn. Petrol. Inst.

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Steam reforming of dimethyl ether, DME, over Cu/ZnO/ZrO2 and γ-Al2O3 mixed catalysts prepared by the extrusion technique was investigated. The catalysts were characterized by BET, pore-size distribution measure ments, N2O chemisorption, powder X-ray diffraction, and SEM-EDX analysis. The effect of reaction tempera ture on catalyst life time was investigated. Steam reforming of DME over the extruded catalyst proceeded above 623 K. The major reaction products were H2 and CO2 with relatively small amounts of CO and CH4. DME steam reforming was not restricted by the equilibrium limitation of DME hydration to CH3OH, suggesting that CH3OH produced was subsequently reformed into H2 and CO2 over the catalyst. The catalyst suffered from thermal deactivation at higher temperatures; mainly caused by a reduction in Cu dispersion in the Cu/ZnO/ZrO2 catalyst. Incorporation of ZrO2 into Cu/ZnO may stabilize Cu dispersion and increase the stability of the extruded catalyst for long-term operation.

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“…The primary feature of the fuel cell is that it directly converts the chemical energy of the incoming fuel into electrical energy via an electrochemical reaction. Because there is no intermediate thermal conversion step, and therefore no attendant Carnot cycle limitation, fuel cells provide a highly efficient means of energy conversion [3]. However, despite the significant technical progress that has been made in recent years toward developing a commercially viable polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) system, the device currently finds use only niche applications [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a niobium clad PEM fuel cell bipolar plate material

Weil

Xia

Yang

et al. 2007

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy

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Fuel cells for mobile applications, status, requirements and future application potential*1

Cited by 51 publications

References 2 publications

First Principles Analysis of the Electrocatalytic Oxidation of Methanol and Carbon Monoxide

First Principles Analysis of the Electrocatalytic Oxidation of Methanol and Carbon Monoxide

Steam Reforming of Dimethyl Ether over Cu/ZnO/ZrO<sub>2</sub> and γ-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> Mixed Catalyst Prepared by Extrusion

Development of a niobium clad PEM fuel cell bipolar plate material

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