Fuel Cells

Abdi, Hamdi; Nezhad, Ramtin Rasouli; Salehimaleh, Mohammad

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-804208-3.00005-4

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Three different regions can describe it: (i) lower current density region, (ii) moderate current density region, and (iii) high current density region . In the low current density region, the voltage of the HEC drops rapidly, which is an activation loss region. , This loss occurred due to the potential needed to overcome the energy barrier of electrochemical reactions. The moderate current density region represents a linear region due to ohmic losses in the cells and is responsible for resisting the ionic flow. , In the high current density region, a sudden drop in voltage with the current occurs due to abundant aggregation of ions on the electrode’s surface.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the low current density region, the voltage of the HEC drops rapidly, which is an activation loss region. , This loss occurred due to the potential needed to overcome the energy barrier of electrochemical reactions. The moderate current density region represents a linear region due to ohmic losses in the cells and is responsible for resisting the ionic flow. , In the high current density region, a sudden drop in voltage with the current occurs due to abundant aggregation of ions on the electrode’s surface. It is termed concentration loss/mass transport loss. , In NLFO, more defects, high lattice strain, and porosity have been confirmed from XRD, FESEM, PL, and XPS measurements.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The moderate current density region represents a linear region due to ohmic losses in the cells and is responsible for resisting the ionic flow. , In the high current density region, a sudden drop in voltage with the current occurs due to abundant aggregation of ions on the electrode’s surface. It is termed concentration loss/mass transport loss. , In NLFO, more defects, high lattice strain, and porosity have been confirmed from XRD, FESEM, PL, and XPS measurements. It was reported earlier that the lithium ion favors the octahedral site in spinel ferrites, but it migrates to the tetrahedral site due to the presence of nickel ions, which are more favorable to occupying the octahedral site .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Li⁺, Mg²⁺, and Al³⁺ Substitution on the Performance of Nickel Ferrite-Based Hydroelectric Cells

2022

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Defect engineering in nickel ferrite has been performed to enhance the power output of the hydroelectric cell (HEC). Oxygen vacancies can be tuned in the ferrite using different valence element substitutions to enhance water dissociation by hydroelectric cells. In this work, Li+, Mg2+, and Al3+ substituted at the nickel site in nickel ferrite (NiFe2O4) are synthesized and studied for hydroelectric cell devices. Introducing these Li+, Mg2+, and Al3+ substituents (of a different atomic radius and valence charge state) in nickel ferrite leads to the generation of oxygen vacancy differently, which is discussed thoroughly in this work. In comparison to Mg and Al, lithium substitution lowers the overall cationic charge in nickel ferrite, leading to formation of a high number of oxygen vacancies for overall ionic charge compensation. Lithium-substituted nickel ferrite (NLFO) has a high number of defects (oxygen vacancies, etc.) compared to Mg-substituted (NMFO) and Al-substituted (NAFO) nickel ferrite, confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. The highest peak area of oxygen vacancies in the O 1s core-level spectra has been obtained for the case of NLFO among NLFO, NMFO, and NAFO. These vacancy sites provide a large number of adsorption sites for water molecule adsorption and dissociation. A high lattice strain (9.83 × 10–4) is induced in NLFO calculated by the Williamson–Hall plot. The porous nature of all samples has been confirmed from FESEM and BET analysis. The charge transfer processes in dry and wet HECs have been analyzed by fitting an equivalent RC circuit in the Nyquist spectra. The lithium-substituted nickel ferrite HEC with rich oxygen vacancies generates a high short-circuit current of ∼58.7 mA, which is ∼2 times higher than that of NMFO HEC and ∼3 times higher than that of NAFO HEC.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Li⁺, Mg²⁺, and Al³⁺ Substitution on the Performance of Nickel Ferrite-Based Hydroelectric Cells

2022

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“…Based on the literature, 28 the battery model includes voltage‐current characteristics and accounts for instantaneous voltage drop. The battery is designed to provide a maximum of 8 kWh/day of energy, with a maximum Depth of Discharge (DOD) of 80% and a minimum SoC limit of 20%.…”

Section: Proposed System and Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact on battery performance with hybrid energy storage: An investigation of rate limiter application

Soni,

Fernandez

2024

Energy Storage

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Integrating hybrid energy storage system (HESS) consisting of battery and supercapacitor provides balance over the power generation and load demand, ensuring the system's stability under transient conditions. Along with battery storage, to control its rate of charging/discharging a rate limiter (RTL) is usually employed. However, the impact of the RTL on battery storage efficiency and system performance has not been explored in the existing literature. This paper investigates the performance of a grid‐tied photovoltaic (PV) system with HESS under dynamic scenarios with different RTL values applied to the battery storage. The paper explores the simulation analysis considering transient, linear, and steady‐state conditions with varying PV generation and load demand. The simulation study shows that a lower RTL value may slow down the battery response, leading to inefficient utilization of battery storage. Alternatively, a very high RTL value will not appropriately regulate the battery current, which may lead to frequent charging and discharging and deterioration of battery life. For the proposed system, RTL with a value of 100 A/s seems appropriate, providing 1.29 Wh of energy through battery storage with an energy efficiency of 91.81% for the simulated time. The DC voltage is efficiently maintained at 400 V with a ripple factor of 0.45%.

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“…Three regions of V-I polarisation curves of electrochemical cells (shown in Figure 11) can be differentiated as: activation loss region (DE), ohmic loss region (EF) and mass concentration loss region (FG). [58][59][60][61] These loss regions explain the kinetics of electrochemical cell reactions. Output voltage of HEC (V out ) can be given as:…”

Section: V-i Polarisation Curvementioning

confidence: 99%

Significant role of defect‐induced surface energy in water splitting to generate electricity by nickel ferrite hydroelectric cell

Kotnala

Saini

Shah

et al. 2021

Intl J of Energy Research

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Summary Hydroelectric cell (HEC) is a magnificent device that produces environment friendly, clean and green energy using water only. In this device, electrical power is generated by splitting water into hydronium and hydroxide ions at room temperature without applying any external energy. The water splitting is carried out by oxygen‐deficient and nanoporous nickel ferrite (NFO) via chemidissociation followed by physidissociation of water molecules wherein, the dissociated ions are collected by zinc anode and inert silver cathode of HEC. The surface energy of metal oxide/ferrite plays a crucial role in attracting and dissociating water molecules. Differential scanning calorimetry analysis confirms the role of sintering temperatures to create oxygen vacancies on the surface of NFO. Also, the presence of oxygen vacancies in the sintered samples has been confirmed by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and electron paramagnetic resonance measurements. A lower enthalpy of desorption 69.31 kJ/mol in NFO‐1 (950°C) has been calculated compared to 80.46 kJ/mol for NFO‐2 (1050°C). It confirms that more water is adsorbed on NFO‐1 which implies lesser energy is required for water chemidissociation. The V–I polarisation curve of NFO‐based HECs records a maximum current output of 15.3 mA for NFO‐1 and 9.28 mA for NFO‐2. In the present study, the role of oxygen vacancy‐induced surface energy has been found to be a key parameter in water chemidissociation to deliver higher current in HECs. Thus, the present work is a unique revolutionary work to produce green electricity by monitoring defects in NFO among the available other techniques.

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Fuel Cells

Cited by 10 publications

References 26 publications

Effect of Li⁺, Mg²⁺, and Al³⁺ Substitution on the Performance of Nickel Ferrite-Based Hydroelectric Cells

Effect of Li⁺, Mg²⁺, and Al³⁺ Substitution on the Performance of Nickel Ferrite-Based Hydroelectric Cells

Impact on battery performance with hybrid energy storage: An investigation of rate limiter application

Significant role of defect‐induced surface energy in water splitting to generate electricity by nickel ferrite hydroelectric cell

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Fuel Cells

Cited by 10 publications

References 26 publications

Effect of Li+, Mg2+, and Al3+ Substitution on the Performance of Nickel Ferrite-Based Hydroelectric Cells

Effect of Li+, Mg2+, and Al3+ Substitution on the Performance of Nickel Ferrite-Based Hydroelectric Cells

Impact on battery performance with hybrid energy storage: An investigation of rate limiter application

Significant role of defect‐induced surface energy in water splitting to generate electricity by nickel ferrite hydroelectric cell

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Effect of Li⁺, Mg²⁺, and Al³⁺ Substitution on the Performance of Nickel Ferrite-Based Hydroelectric Cells

Effect of Li⁺, Mg²⁺, and Al³⁺ Substitution on the Performance of Nickel Ferrite-Based Hydroelectric Cells