Fuel Cell Types, Properties of Membrane, and Operating Conditions: A Review

Abstract

Fuel cells have lately received growing attention since they allow the use of non-precious metals as catalysts, which reduce the cost per kilowatt of power in fuel cell devices to some extent. Until recent years, the major barrier in the development of fuel cells was the obtainability of highly conductive anion exchange membranes (AEMs). On the other hand, improvements show that newly enhanced anion exchange membranes have already reached high conductivity levels, leading to the suitable presentation of the cell. Currently, an increasing number of studies have described the performance results of fuel cells. Much of the literature reporting cell performance is founded on hydrogen‒anion exchange membrane fuel cells (AEMFCs), though a growing number of studies have also reported utilizing fuels other than hydrogen—such as alcohols, non-alcohol C-based fuels, and N-based fuels. This article reviews the types, performance, utilized membranes, and operational conditions of anion exchange membranes for fuel cells.

Performance Evaluation of PV Panel Powered Dual Thermoelectric Air Conditioning System

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“…Conventional air conditioning systems also contribute significantly to the amount of electricity consumed at homes in most countries [4]. It also contributes to global warming [5,6]; with relation to the greenhouse effect and the possibility of ozone depletion, there is significant CO2 released into the atmosphere because of the usage of conventional air conditioning systems [7]. The above problems can be overcome by thermoelectric air conditioning systems operated by solar photovoltaic panels (PV), which are environmentally friendly and more economical [8][9][10].…”

Review of materials, functional components, fabrication technologies and assembling characteristics for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) – An update

“…Whenever the electrodes were manufactured by squirting the catalyst ink on a cloth of carbon as GDL, the performance was obtained with around 830 mA⸳cm -2 at 600 mV [110]. Presently, the performance for PEMFC [115] exceeded 1000 mA⸳cm -2 . The MEA pressed with carbon cloth is well-studied [110].…”

Green hydrogen: A clean energy solution for Germany's transportation sector

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