Fuel Cell Auxiliary Power Unit - Innovation for the Electric Supply of Passenger Cars ?

Tachtler, Joachim; Dietsch, Thomas V.; Götz, Georg

doi:10.4271/2000-01-0374

Cited by 20 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Methanol and ammonia would be preferable considering a simple fuel processing, but might be unsuitable fuels for a daily use by the end customer due to their high toxicity and thus should be restricted to industrial fuel cell applications [51,52]. Diesel as well as gasoline attained large interest with respect to automotive applications and auxiliary power units [53,54] but the rather complex fuel processing including high temperature sulfur removal is challenging.…”

Section: Selection Of Fuels For Fuel Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fuel flexibility of solid oxide fuel cells

Weber

2021

Fuel Cells

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One of the major advantages of SOFCs is their high fuel flexibility. Next to natural gas and hydrogen, which are today's most common fuels for SOFC-systems and cell-/stack-testing respectively, various other fuels are applicable as well. In the literature, a number of promising results show that available fuels as propane, butane, ammonia, gasoline, diesel etc. can be applied. Here, the performance of an anode supported cell operated in specialized single cell test benches with different gaseous and liquid fuels and reformates thereof is presented. Fuels as ammonia, dissolved urea (AddBlue TM ), methane/steam and ethanol/water mixtures can directly be fed to the cell, whereas propane and diesel require external reforming. It is shown that in case of a stable fuel supply the cell performance with such fuels is similar to that of appropriate mixtures of H 2 , N 2 , CO, CO 2 , and steam, if the impact of endothermic reforming or decomposition reactions is considered. Even though a stable fuel cell operation with such fuels is possible in a single cell test bench, it should be pointed out that an appropriate fuel processing will be mandatory on the system level.

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Section: Selection Of Fuels For Fuel Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fuel flexibility of solid oxide fuel cells

Weber

2021

Fuel Cells

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“…Today, there is an increasing interest to provide the electrical power in mobile applications (cars and aircrafts) by means of so-called Auxiliary Power Units (APU), which preferably can be operated with reformate gases from on-board fuels. Because of the world-wide R&D activities and promising improvements in fuel cell technology, the attractiveness of these energy converters for APUs has increased, significantly (1)(2)(3)(4). Of the different fuel cell types, SOFCs in particular are favoured for such APUs because the effort for reforming and cleaning of gasoline, diesel or other hydrocarbon gases to get a suitable fuel is relatively low.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ceramic Diffusion Barrier Layers for Metal Supported SOFCs

et al. 2007

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Metal supported solid oxide fuel cells (MSCs) show a high poten- tial predominantly for an application as light-weight planar cells for electricity supply systems in cars and other mobile systems. One of the most promising MSC concepts is the plasma sprayed thin film concept of DLR-Stuttgart in which powder metallurgi-cally manufactured substrates, developed within a collaboration of Plansee and DLR, serves as mechanical cell support. In MSCs gen-erally problems can occur in particular by a mutual diffusion of Ni, Fe and Cr on the substrate/anode interface that causes significant cell degradation. To avoid this mass transport ceramic diffusion barrier layers consisting of Cr2O3 and/or MnCr2O4 or doped LaCrO3-type perovskites are provided. The paper focuses on a ma- terial study of different substrate materials performed with inte-grated diffusion barrier layers. Furthermore, the electrochemical long term behaviour of cells with different plasma sprayed barrier layers is shown demonstrating the barrier effect and the electro-chemical compatibility.

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“…Solid oxide fuel cells ͑SOFCs͒ are established as electrochemical devices for stationary electrical power generation. 1 Because of their high power conversion efficiency and low exhaust emissions, 2,3 these energy conversion devices have also been suggested for use in automotive auxiliary power units ͑APUs͒ to meet the increasing demands for on-board electrical power. Futhermore, recent laboratory-based demonstrations have given evidence of direct oxidation of hydrocarbon fuels 4,5 at the SOFC anode, without carbon deposition, at sufficiently low temperatures.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Fourier-Based Transforms to Impedance Spectra of Small-Diameter Tubular Solid Oxide Fuel Cells

Smirnova

Ellwood

Crosbie

2001

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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Recent demonstrations of direct utilization of hydrocarbon fuels have stimulated an automotive interest in solid oxide fuel cells for reformerless auxiliary power units with high power density, high chemical-to-electrical efficiency, and low exhaust emissions. Furthermore, recent designs with small-diameter oxide tubes appear to be well-suited to accommodate repeated cycling under rapid changes in electrical load and in cell operating temperatures. To understand the limiting transient processes in these small-tube fuel cell designs, we applied an analysis approach which requires no a priori equivalent circuit model assumptions. This approach was applied to the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy ͑EIS͒ data measured from such cells in the temperature range from 585 to 888°C. In this way, the complex, overlapping arc EIS details ͑seen in Cole-Cole plots͒ were transformed in a network-model-independent way into a spectrum of relaxation times. We extended the deconvolution method to allow peak fitting and integration to calculate the resistances of individual processes within the cathode polarization, which becomes limiting in comparison to either anode or electrolyte at temperatures below about 700°C. With the new results, the process with the highest apparent activation energy can be targeted to improve cathode development.Solid oxide fuel cells ͑SOFCs͒ are established as electrochemical devices for stationary electrical power generation. 1 Because of their high power conversion efficiency and low exhaust emissions, 2,3 these energy conversion devices have also been suggested for use in automotive auxiliary power units ͑APUs͒ to meet the increasing demands for on-board electrical power. Futhermore, recent laboratory-based demonstrations have given evidence of direct oxidation of hydrocarbon fuels 4,5 at the SOFC anode, without carbon deposition, at sufficiently low temperatures. Consequently, the likelihood of developing a compact, reformerless APU that can operate on the same fuel as the internal combustion engine now seems to be more realistic.The development of practical SOFCs for automotive use can benefit from fundamental knowledge about ac impedance related interfacial processes and associated microstructures. Since a SOFC is a complicated electrochemical system consisting of heterogeneous phases of the electrodes 6,7 and the electrolyte, 8 improvements in cell performance and manufacturing technology can be better focused if there is a means to separate the individual impedance-related processes within a single cell. These processes include the transport of ions and electrons through ͑and reacting at͒ the interphase boundaries. Each of these processes may depend upon temperature.Therefore, the main objective of the present work is to estimate the influence of temperature ͑580-888°C͒ on the separate component impedances in fast-thermal-response cells of potential automotive interest. ApproachWe adopt and extend an approach that does not require any a priori assumptions of an equivalent network model to rep...

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Fuel Cell Auxiliary Power Unit - Innovation for the Electric Supply of Passenger Cars ?

Cited by 20 publications

References 8 publications

Fuel flexibility of solid oxide fuel cells

Fuel flexibility of solid oxide fuel cells

Ceramic Diffusion Barrier Layers for Metal Supported SOFCs

Application of Fourier-Based Transforms to Impedance Spectra of Small-Diameter Tubular Solid Oxide Fuel Cells

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