Fucoid Flora of the Rocky Intertidal of the Canadian Maritimes: Implications for the Future with Rapid Climate Change

Ugarte, R.; Critchley, Alan T.

doi:10.1007/978-90-481-8569-6_5

Cited by 24 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…The seaweed extract was superior to streptocycline treatment in that it also promoted greater plant vigor, increased stem girth and higher boll yields without the disadvantage of releasing an antibiotic into the environment. Alcohols and polyunsaturated esters have been implicated as antibacterial agents in chloroform extracts of red and brown seaweeds (Vallinayagam et al 2009). Low levels of glycine betaine known to be present in seaweed extracts confer some resistance to Uromyces phaseoli in beans (Blunden et al 2009).…”

Section: Effects On Diseases and Insect Pestsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The large perennial frond is capable of surviving more than 20 years, while its holdfast may survive for a century or longer . A significant feature for industry is the ability of A. nodosum fronds to regenerate repeatedly provided that harvesting is carefully managed to ensure the viability of this renewable resource (see Ugarte et al 2010).…”

Section: Unique Features Of a Nodosummentioning

confidence: 99%

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Seaweed extract stimuli in plant science and agriculture

2010

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Both micro-and macroalgae have long been used to augment plant productivity and food production in various regions of the world through their beneficial effects when applied to soils. Interactions of algae with the soil community undoubtedly are complex and benefits are dependent on the crop and the local environmental conditions. This has resulted in much speculation as to mechanisms involved as well as the validity of the results reported. It is now 60 years since the first commercial seaweed extract was manufactured for agricultural use. These aqueous extracts allowed for the first time the direct application of soluble seaweed constituents to specific plant organs such as leaves and roots. The earlier concept that benefits of seaweeds and their extracts were due mainly to their manurial value or to their micronutrient suites is no longer tenable. Seaweeds likewise have been used for millennia as fodder supplements to improve animal nutrition and productivity. Recent research is focusing on their mode of action, specific health benefits, and the mechanisms of action in animals. Improved analytical techniques and instrumentation coupled with the use of molecular genetic tools are establishing that seaweed extracts can modify plant and animal responses at a fundamental level. It therefore seems appropriate to review key developments over the years and to remark on novel findings. A new and exciting vista has opened for seaweed extracts in both plant and animal applications.

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Section: Effects On Diseases and Insect Pestsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Unique Features Of a Nodosummentioning

confidence: 99%

Seaweed extract stimuli in plant science and agriculture

2010

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“…Anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions have also increased exponentially since 1750 resulting in a net warming effect (IPCC 2007). Increasing water temperature is predicted to change the distribution and productivity of seagrasses (Short & Neckles 1999) and shift the composition of rocky shore Ascophyllum nodosum-dominated habitats to mixed fucoid beds (Ugarte et al 2010). The consequences of these shifts to the nitrogen retention and carbon storage capacity of coastal habitats are unknown.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecosystem structure and services in eelgrass Zostera marina and rockweed Ascophyllum nodosum habitats

Schmidt¹,

Coll²,

Romanuk³

et al. 2011

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Marine vegetated habitats provide essential functions and services to ocean ecosystems and human well-being. It is unclear, however, how different habitat types compare. Using large-scale field surveys, we compared the canopy and community structure between eelgrass and rockweed beds in Atlantic Canada and assessed their nitrogen retention, carbon storage, and habitat services. We then used binary network models of predator-prey interactions to determine food-web structure and its robustness to species loss. Despite disparate 3-dimensional canopy structure, both habitats significantly enhanced overall abundance and diversity of associated flora and fauna, including several commercially important species. Significant differences occurred in the species assemblages within and between habitats and were attributed to different settlement opportunities, food availability, predation risk, and maneuverability. While eelgrass plants had higher nitrogen content, rockweed canopies maintained 8-fold greater biomass and, thus, 14-fold greater nitrogen and 8-fold greater carbon retention per unit area. Both rockweed and eelgrass food webs showed similarities to other temperate and tropical seagrass webs, yet their robustness to the loss of most connected species including primary producers was among the lowest; underscoring their vulnerability to disturbances affecting the functionally dominant primary producers. The present study demonstrates that marine vegetation provides important habitat, nitrogen, and carbon storage services, yet the extent of these services depends on the foundation species and its architecture. Changes in canopy structure will therefore have profound effects on associated food webs and ecosystem services. Thus, as increasing human pressures on coastal ecosystems threaten the continued supply of essential functions and services, the protection of marine vegetated habitats should be a management priority.

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“…The impact of the harvest can be compared to those of natural events as follows: the total rockweed biomass for southern New Brunswick is 159,000 t (CAFSAC 1992), and from growth and production data for this seaweed in the region (Cousens 1984;Ugarte et al 2010), a minimum of approximately 52,000 t of biomass is released as stormcast material each year. If the average holdfast incidence of 27% found in the detached biomass in August 2004 is a normal range for these events (the author has measured holdfast incidence from storm-cast material from 2002 to 2004 in New Brunswick, with values varying between 24% and 32%), then a minimum of 14,040 t of biomass bearing holdfasts are naturally detached each year in the province, an impact 21 times larger than the harvest.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An evaluation of the mortality of the brown seaweed Ascophyllum nodosum (L.) Le Jol. produced by cutter rake harvests in southern New Brunswick, Canada

Ugarte

2010

J Appl Phycol

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Ascophyllum nodosum (rockweed) landings in the Atlantic Maritime provinces of Canada totalled 36,500 wet tonnes in 2009. Due to the relative slow growth, stochastic recruitment, and the importance of habitat protection, strict harvest regulations are in place in the region to maintain the integrity of this resource. Special harvesting rakes have been designed to cut the plants and not to dislodge the clumps and their holdfasts from the substratum. However, for various reasons, close to 6% of the biomass harvested annually contains holdfast material. This proportion is closely monitored by the province as it is assumed to represent clump mortality. However, due to the complex structure of A. nodosum clumps, this relationship with mortality is not simple. A study was carried out to evaluate the real impact of this detachment on the A. nodosum population of southern New Brunswick in 2004. The structure of harvested A. nodosum clumps with associated holdfast material was analyzed and compared to nonharvested clumps from the same harvest area. Results showed that when a rake strips a clump, it only detaches 17.4% of the holdfast surface, leaving 36.8% of the plant biomass and 80.3% of the shoot density intact. An analysis of storm-cast material from the same study area showed a similar effect in the clump structure, although the incidence of holdfast in the detached biomass could be as high as 30%. Due to the high biomass detached each year by coastal storms in New Brunswick, their impact on the A. nodosum resource is 21 times higher than the annual harvest.

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Fucoid Flora of the Rocky Intertidal of the Canadian Maritimes: Implications for the Future with Rapid Climate Change

Cited by 24 publications

References 46 publications

Seaweed extract stimuli in plant science and agriculture

Seaweed extract stimuli in plant science and agriculture

Ecosystem structure and services in eelgrass Zostera marina and rockweed Ascophyllum nodosum habitats

An evaluation of the mortality of the brown seaweed Ascophyllum nodosum (L.) Le Jol. produced by cutter rake harvests in southern New Brunswick, Canada

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