FtsH2-Dependent Proteolysis of EXECUTER1 Is Essential in Mediating Singlet Oxygen-Triggered Retrograde Signaling in Arabidopsis thaliana

Dogra, Vivek; Duan, Jianli; Lee, Keun Pyo; Lv, Shanshan; Liu, Renyi; Kim, Chanhong

doi:10.3389/fpls.2017.01145

Cited by 67 publications

(85 citation statements)

References 25 publications

(60 reference statements)

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“…FtsH2 is a major subunit of the hetero-hexameric FtsH complex, which functions in the proteolysis of damaged photosystem II (PSII) reaction center (RC) proteins. Inactivation of FtsH2 thus substantially attenuates 1 O 2 signaling and its related stress responses in flu, like in the flu ex1 mutant (Dogra et al, 2017).…”

Section: Two Singlet Oxygen Sensors Undergo Oxidative Modificationmentioning

confidence: 94%

ROS-Driven Oxidative Modification: Its Impact on Chloroplasts-Nucleus Communication

Kim

2020

Front. Plant Sci.

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As a light-harvesting organelle, the chloroplast inevitably produces a substantial amount of reactive oxygen species (ROS) primarily through the photosystems. These ROS, such as superoxide anion, hydrogen peroxide, hydroxyl radical, and singlet oxygen, are potent oxidizing agents, thereby damaging the photosynthetic apparatus. On the other hand, it became increasingly clear that ROS act as beneficial tools under photo-oxidative stress conditions by stimulating chloroplast-nucleus communication, a process called retrograde signaling (RS). These ROS-mediated RS cascades appear to participate in a broad spectrum of plant physiology, such as acclimation, resistance, programmed cell death (PCD), and growth. Recent reports imply that ROS-driven oxidation of RSassociated components is essential in sensing and responding to an increase in ROS contents. ROS appear to activate RS pathways via reversible or irreversible oxidation of sensor molecules. This review provides an overview of the emerging perspective on the topic of "oxidative modification-associated retrograde signaling."

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Section: Two Singlet Oxygen Sensors Undergo Oxidative Modificationmentioning

confidence: 94%

ROS-Driven Oxidative Modification: Its Impact on Chloroplasts-Nucleus Communication

Kim

2020

Front. Plant Sci.

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“…Another 1 O 2 -induced pathway involves the Executer1 (EX1) (and possibly Executer2) proteins [415,416]. The oxidation of a tryptophan residue of EX1, presumably by 1 O 2 [417], leads to the degradation of EX1 by FtsH, a protease that is also important to the repair cycle of PSII [418]. Afterwards, a signaling cascade leading to PCD is activated [419].…”

Section: Signaling By 1 Omentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxygen and ROS in Photosynthesis

Khorobrykh

Havurinne

Mattila

et al. 2020

Plants

186

133

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Oxygen is a natural acceptor of electrons in the respiratory pathway of aerobic organisms and in many other biochemical reactions. Aerobic metabolism is always associated with the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS may damage biomolecules but are also involved in regulatory functions of photosynthetic organisms. This review presents the main properties of ROS, the formation of ROS in the photosynthetic electron transport chain and in the stroma of chloroplasts, and ROS scavenging systems of thylakoid membrane and stroma. Effects of ROS on the photosynthetic apparatus and their roles in redox signaling are discussed.

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“…Such a hypothetical chloroplast metabolite or protein may then be less abundant in ppr30 and mterf9 mutants due to decreased gene expression and delayed chloroplast development. One protein known to transmit a 1 O2 signal this way is EX1, whose oxidation by 1 O2 and subsequent degradation by FtsH2 (Dogra et al 2017, Dogra et al 2019) initiates a retrograde signal to control nuclear gene expression. However, ex1 mutations do not suppress fc2 mutants, suggesting that these pathways do not directly interact (Woodson et al 2015) and that PPR30 and mTERF9 likely affect a different signaling factor.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plastid gene expression is required for singlet oxygen-induced chloroplast degradation and cell death

Alamdari

Fisher

Sinson

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Running head: Plastid gene expression and cellular degradationSignificance summary: Reactive oxygen species accumulate in the chloroplast (photosynthetic plastids) and signal for stress acclimation by inducing chloroplast degradation, cell death, and changes in nuclear gene expression. We have identified two chloroplast-localized proteins involved in gene regulation that are required to transmit these signals, suggesting that proper plastid gene expression and chloroplast development is necessary to activate chloroplast controlled cellular degradation and nuclear gene expression pathways. Summary:Chloroplasts constantly experience photo-oxidative stress while performing photosynthesis. This is particularly true under abiotic stresses that lead to the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). While ROS leads to the oxidation of DNA, proteins, and lipids, it can also act as a signal to induce acclimation through chloroplast degradation, cell death, and nuclear gene expression. Although the mechanisms behind ROS signaling from chloroplasts remain mostly unknown, several genetic systems have been devised in the model plant Arabidopsis to understand their signaling properties. One system uses the plastid ferrochelatase two (fc2) mutant that conditionally accumulates the ROS singlet oxygen ( 1 O2) leading to chloroplast degradation and eventually cell death. Here we have mapped three mutations that suppress chloroplast degradation in the fc2 mutant and demonstrate that they affect two independent loci (PPR30 and mTERF9) encoding chloroplast proteins predicted to be involved in posttranscriptional gene expression. Mutations in either gene were shown to lead to broadly reduced chloroplast gene expression, impaired chloroplast development, and reduced chloroplast stress signaling. In these mutants, however, 1 O2 levels were uncoupled to chloroplast degradation suggesting that PPR30 and mTERF9 are involved in ROS signaling pathways. In the wild type background, ppr30 and mTERF9 mutants were also observed to be less susceptible to cell death induced by excess light stress. Together these results suggest that plastid gene expression (or the expression of specific plastid genes) is a necessary prerequisite for chloroplasts to activate 1 O2 signaling pathways to induce chloroplast degradation and/or cell death.

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FtsH2-Dependent Proteolysis of EXECUTER1 Is Essential in Mediating Singlet Oxygen-Triggered Retrograde Signaling in Arabidopsis thaliana

Cited by 67 publications

References 25 publications

ROS-Driven Oxidative Modification: Its Impact on Chloroplasts-Nucleus Communication

ROS-Driven Oxidative Modification: Its Impact on Chloroplasts-Nucleus Communication

Oxygen and ROS in Photosynthesis

Plastid gene expression is required for singlet oxygen-induced chloroplast degradation and cell death

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