FTIR spectroscopic studies of lithium tetrafluoroborate in propylene carbonate+diethyl carbonate mixtures

Zhang, Binbin; Yuan, Zhenhong; Li, Xiang; Ren, Xiaopeng; Nian, Hongen; Shen, Yue; Yuan, Qiang

doi:10.1016/j.saa.2013.11.054

Cited by 28 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…In case of the carbonate-based liquid electrolytes, Zhou et al have discussed that the interaction of Li + occurs mainly through oxygens of C=O and ether (O-C-O) groups. 16 In the PEC system, there are complex interactions of Li + with carbonate unit(s). We think that the interacting single C=O groups may exist and this interaction makes Li + easy to migrate faster via the segmental motion of PEC chains.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Anions on Lithium Ion Conduction in Poly(ethylene carbonate)-based Polymer Electrolytes

Tominaga

Yamazaki

Nanthana

2015

J. Electrochem. Soc.

117

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Poly(ethylene carbonate)-based polymer electrolytes with lithium salts (LiX; X = TFSI, ClO 4 , BF 4 and PF 6 ) were prepared, and their lithium transference numbers (t + ) were measured to make comparison between different anion radius and salt concentrations. The LiTFSI electrolytes had the highest t + and Li-ion conductivities of all samples at 80 • C; these values increased with increasing salt concentration. According to the results of FT-IR measurements for all concentrated samples, the changes of band fraction, which divide at around 1720 cm −1 for carbonyl groups interact, with Li + (C=O -Li + ), are strongly related to the mobility of Li + ions. For four decades polymer electrolytes have gained attention as soft ionic materials suitable for novel battery systems such as Li-ion secondary batteries, 1,2 because of their greater safety than liquid electrolytes, their flexibility and their light weight. Unfortunately, the conductivity of typical polyether-based electrolytes such as poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO)-metal salt mixtures is not greater than about 10 −4 S cmat room temperature. 3-5 Moreover, it is extremely difficult to increase the lithium transference number above 0.5.We have recently considered polycarbonates, obtained by the alternating copolymerization of carbon dioxide with epoxides, and potential novel polymers for use as electrolytes.6-8 We focused on the chemical structure of the copolymer, which has a single carbonate group (-O-(C=O)-O-) in each repeating unit of the main chain. Carbonate-based organic solvents are usually used as the electrolyte solution in Li-ion batteries, because of their high dielectric constant. The carbonate group therefore provides a suitable structure for the polymer framework. We reported in our previous studies that a commercial polycarbonate, poly(ethylene carbonate) (PEC) can be used as a novel polymer matrix for the electrolyte, and has extraordinary ion-conductive properties. 9 The ionic conductivity of PEC-Li salt electrolytes increases with increasing salt concentration, whereas the conductivities of typical PEO-based electrolytes are maximum at around 5 mol% and decrease with increasing concentration.9 Moreover, we recently found that the lithium transference numbers (t + ) of PECbased electrolytes are greater than 0.5, and that for their composites filled with small amount of TiO 2 the values are extremely high, more than 0.8. 10 In the present study, we focused on the effect of anions on Li-ion conduction in PEC, and studied t + as a function of anion radius and salt concentration. Interactions between PEC and ions were also studied using FT-IR measurement for the first time. ExperimentalPreparation of PEC-Li salt electrolytes.-Poly(ethylene carbonate) (PEC, M n = 3.7×10 4 ) was donated by a Japanese company. PEC was dissolved as received in chloroform, and the solution was added to excess methanol. The PEC precipitated was dried in a vacuum oven at 60• C for 24 h. The 1 H and 13 C NMR spectra of the purified PEC were observed, and the ratio of the carbona...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Anions on Lithium Ion Conduction in Poly(ethylene carbonate)-based Polymer Electrolytes

Tominaga

Yamazaki

Nanthana

2015

J. Electrochem. Soc.

117

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“…[ 25–27 ] The bands at 1263, 1191, 1020, 824, 776, and 680 cm −1 are assigned to CCl vibrations, CH bending vibrations, pyridiniumium ring vibrations, CH out of plane bending vibrations, ring deformation, and coupled pyridiniumium associated vibrations, respectively. [ 28,29 ] The bands in C3@Ti 3 C 2 T x spectrum at 1558 and 1485 cm −1 confirm the vibrations of bipyridiniumium and the strong one at 815 cm −1 shows in‐plane bending frequency of substituted dipyridyl. [ 30,31 ] The symmetric vibrations of CN can be associated with bands at 1405, 1370, and 1341 cm −1 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Mechanistic Understanding of the Interactions and Pseudocapacitance of Multi‐Electron Redox Organic Molecules Sandwiched between MXene Layers

Boota

Hussain

Yang

et al. 2021

Adv Elect Materials

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Using a combined theoretical and experimental approach, a mechanistic understanding of the interactions and pseudocapacitance of different quinone‐coupled viologen and pyridiniumium molecules sandwiched between titanium carbide (Ti3C2Tx) MXene layers has been provided. Three different derivatives of quinone‐coupled viologen and pyridiniumium are synthesized using nucleophilic substitution reaction and subsequently hybridized with Ti3C2Tx MXene (organic@Ti3C2Tx) using self‐assembly approach. The atomic structure of pristine Ti3C2Tx and organic@Ti3C2Tx hybrid films is investigated using grazing incidence X‐ray diffraction and X‐ray pair distribution function analysis using synchrotron radiation. Spectroscopic results confirm the coupling of quinones with viologen and pyridiniumium molecules and their non‐covalent functionalization to the MXene without their catalytic decomposition. First‐principles calculations confirm that the preferred orientation of organic molecules upon intercalation/adsorption is horizontal to the Ti3C2Tx surface. The authors reveal that these molecules attach to the Ti3C2Tx surface with a significantly high binding energy (up to −2.77 eV) via a charge transfer mechanism. The electronic structure calculations show that all organic@Ti3C2Tx hybrids preserved their metallic behavior. Free‐standing organic@Ti3C2Tx hybrid films show a more than three times higher capacitance at ultra‐high scan rates (up to 20 V s−1) compared to their pristine counterpart due to molecular pillaring of organic molecules between Ti3C2Tx layers via strong binding energies and charge transfer.

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“…3) of the extracts shows peaks around 3421 cm À1 , which were attributed to n O-H of the intermolecular hydrogen bonds, broad n C-H peaks in the range 3163-2963 cm À1 , typical peaks around 1805-1776 cm À1 were attributed to n C]O of organic carbonate, typical peaks around 1597 and 1553 cm À1 were attributed to skeletal C]C vibrations, peaks around 1482-1163 cm À1 were attributed to d C-H of CH 2 and CH 3 groups, peaks around 1075 and 1010 cm À1 were attributed to n C-O and peaks around 972-737 cm À1 were attributed to g C-H of organic species. 21 In addition to the above characteristic peaks of organic species, there is also a pronounced peak at 846 cm À1 , which should be attributed to n P-F bands, 22 in the FT-IR spectrum of the electrolytes. The FT-IR analysis indicated that the main components of extracts are organic carbonate.…”

Section: Composition Analysismentioning

confidence: 98%

Supercritical CO₂ extraction of organic carbonate-based electrolytes of lithium-ion batteries

Liu

Zheng

et al. 2014

RSC Adv.

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Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) was applied to reclaim organic carbonate-based electrolytes of spent lithium-ion batteries. To optimize the SFE operational conditions, the response surface methodology was adopted. The parameters studied were as follow: pressure, ranging from 15 to 35 MPa; temperature, between 40 C and 50 C and static extraction time, within 45 to 75 min. The optimal conditions for extraction yield were 23 MPa, 40 C and was dynamically extracted for 45 min. Extracts were collected at a constant flow rate of 4.0 L min À1 . Under these conditions, the extraction yield was 85.07 AE 0.36%, which matched with the predicted value. Furthermore, the components of the extracts were systematically characterized and analyzed by using FT-IR, GC-MS and ICP-OES, and the effect of SFE on the electrolyte reclamation was evaluated. The results suggest that the SFE is an effective method for recovery of organic carbonate-based electrolytes from spent lithium-ion batteries, to prevent environmental pollution and resource waste.

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FTIR spectroscopic studies of lithium tetrafluoroborate in propylene carbonate+diethyl carbonate mixtures

Cited by 28 publications

References 30 publications

Effect of Anions on Lithium Ion Conduction in Poly(ethylene carbonate)-based Polymer Electrolytes

Effect of Anions on Lithium Ion Conduction in Poly(ethylene carbonate)-based Polymer Electrolytes

Mechanistic Understanding of the Interactions and Pseudocapacitance of Multi‐Electron Redox Organic Molecules Sandwiched between MXene Layers

Supercritical CO₂ extraction of organic carbonate-based electrolytes of lithium-ion batteries

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FTIR spectroscopic studies of lithium tetrafluoroborate in propylene carbonate+diethyl carbonate mixtures

Cited by 28 publications

References 30 publications

Effect of Anions on Lithium Ion Conduction in Poly(ethylene carbonate)-based Polymer Electrolytes

Effect of Anions on Lithium Ion Conduction in Poly(ethylene carbonate)-based Polymer Electrolytes

Mechanistic Understanding of the Interactions and Pseudocapacitance of Multi‐Electron Redox Organic Molecules Sandwiched between MXene Layers

Supercritical CO2 extraction of organic carbonate-based electrolytes of lithium-ion batteries

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Supercritical CO₂ extraction of organic carbonate-based electrolytes of lithium-ion batteries