FTIR investigation of the heterogeneous reaction of HgO(s) with SO2(g) at ambient temperature

Zacharewski, T.R.; Cherniak, E. A.; Schroeder, W. H.

doi:10.1016/0004-6981(87)90368-4

Cited by 18 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…[] proposed that oxidized mercury was reduced by sulfur dioxide through a three‐step mechanism suggested by Scott et al . [] and based on an IR product study of the reaction SO 2(g) + HgO (s) [ Zacharewksi et al ., ]. The end‐products of the reaction of HgO with SO 2 were found to be HgS (s) , HgSO 4(s) , and Hg 2 SO 4(s) [ Zacharewksi et al ., ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[53] Lohman et al [2006] proposed that oxidized mercury was reduced by sulfur dioxide through a three-step mechanism suggested by Scott et al [2003] and based on an IR product study of the reaction SO 2(g) + HgO (s) [Zacharewksi et al, 1987]. The end-products of the reaction of HgO with SO 2 were found to be HgS (s) , HgSO 4(s) , and Hg 2 SO 4(s) [Zacharewksi et al, 1987]. In-plume reaction of oxidized mercury by SO 2 would thus convert particulate mercury (HgO (s) ) into other forms of particulate mercury (e.g., HgSO 4(s) ) and would at most reduce Hg(II) to Hg(I).…”

Section: Wet and Dry Deposition And Aerosol Scavengingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mercury speciation in a coal‐fired power plant plume: An aircraft‐based study of emissions from the 3640 MW Nanticoke Generating Station, Ontario, Canada

Deeds

Banic

et al. 2013

JGR Atmospheres

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Coal‐fired power plants are one of the principal sources of mercury to the atmosphere. The form this mercury takes is the predominant factor determining its fate after emission. Recent ground‐level field and modeling studies suggest that oxidized mercury in stack emissions is converted into elemental mercury in the plume. We present here aircraft‐based plume mercury measurements taken by Environment Canada in 2000 at the Nanticoke Generating Station as part of the Health Canada Toxic Substances Research Initiative Metals in the Environment Research Network. Although the average mercury speciation observed in the Nanticoke plume (82% Hg0, 13% Hg(II)(g), 5% Hg(P), by mass) appears to be distinct from the average mercury speciation in the Nanticoke stacks (53% Hg0, 43% Hg(II)(g), 4% Hg(P)), we find that the in‐plume elemental mercury concentrations as a whole can be explained by plume dilution after emission. The discrepancy between in‐stack and in‐plume Hg(II) concentrations is statistically significant, yet is not associated with a transformation of Hg(II) to Hg0. Sampling biases associated with the differing techniques used to measure Hg(II) in‐stack and in‐plume may reconcile the concentration discrepancy without invoking novel chemical reactions or physical processes. Although the mercury speciation of the Nanticoke plume influences local mercury deposition, the majority of the mercury emitted is transported out of the surrounding area.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Wet and Dry Deposition And Aerosol Scavengingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mercury speciation in a coal‐fired power plant plume: An aircraft‐based study of emissions from the 3640 MW Nanticoke Generating Station, Ontario, Canada

Deeds

Banic

et al. 2013

JGR Atmospheres

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“…Zacharewski et al (47) used Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy to investigate the reaction of solid mercuric oxide (HgO) with SO 2 at room temperature. Over a period of weeks, absorption spectra indicating the existence of Hg 2 SO 4 and HgSO 4 were observed.…”

Section: Heterogeneous Oxidation Of Mercurymentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding the effects of sulfur on mercury capture from coal-fired utility flue gases

Morris

Morita

Jia

2010

Journal of Sulfur Chemistry

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Coal combustion continues to be a major source of energy throughout the world and is the leading contributor to anthropogenic mercury emissions. Effective control of these emissions requires a good understanding of how other flue gas constituents such as sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ) and sulfur trioxide (SO 3 ) may interfere in the removal process. Most of the current literature suggests that SO 2 hinders elemental mercury (Hg 0 ) oxidation by scavenging oxidizing species such as chlorine (Cl 2 ) and reduces the overall efficiency of mercury capture, while there is evidence to suggest that SO 2 with oxygen (O 2 ) enhances Hg 0 oxidation by promoting Cl 2 formation below 100 • C. However, studies in which SO 2 was shown to have a positive correlation with Hg 0 oxidation in full-scale utilities indicate that these interactions may be heavily dependent on operating conditions, particularly chlorine content of the coal and temperature. While bench-scale studies explicitly targeting SO 3 are scarce, the general consensus among full-scale coal-fired utilities is that its presence in flue gas has a strong negative correlation with mercury capture efficiency. The exact reason behind this observed correlation is not completely clear, however. While SO 3 is an inevitable product of SO 2 oxidation by O 2 , a reaction that hinders Hg 0 oxidation, it readily reacts with water vapor, forms sulfuric acid (H 2 SO 4 ) at the surface of carbon, and physically blocks active sites of carbon. On the other hand, H 2 SO 4 on carbon surfaces may increase mercury capacity either through the creation of oxidation sites on the carbon surface or through a direct reaction of mercury with the acid. However, neither of these beneficial impacts is expected to be of practical significance for an activated carbon injection system in a real coal-fired utility flue gas.

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“…The reaction rate is, to a first approximation, temperatureindependent. Zacharewski et al (65) investigated the heterogeneous reaction between HgO(s) and SO 2 (g) at ambient temperature. They identified solid Hg sulfation reaction products using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.…”

Section: Mercury Reaction Chemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Mercury Speciation in Coal Combustion and Gasification Flue Gases

Galbreath

Zygarlicke

1996

Environ. Sci. Technol.

271

182

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Coal combustion and gasification are an anthropogenic source of mercury emission to the atmosphere. Effectively minimizing the emission and understanding the atmospheric fate and transport of mercury require knowledge of its speciation in flue gases. Hg0(g) is the thermodynamically stable form in the highest temperature regions of combustors and gasifiers. Hg0(g) remains as the dominant form in the relatively reducing conditions of a gasification flue gas, but with decreasing temperature in a combustion flue gas Hg0(g) will react to form Hg2+ compounds. Current mercury speciation analysis results suggest that generally >50% of the Hg0(g) reacts with oxidants in coal combustion flue gases; results for gasification conditions are lacking. Oxidation is beneficial because Hg2+ compounds are generally water-soluble and are therefore more effectively captured by wet scrubber pollution control systems and are more apt to deposit locally or regionally. Conversely, Hg0(g) is difficult to control and is likely to enter the global atmospheric cycle because of its high vapor pressure and low water solubility. The physical and chemical processes governing the interactions of mercury species with flue gas components are poorly known.

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FTIR investigation of the heterogeneous reaction of HgO(s) with SO2(g) at ambient temperature

Cited by 18 publications

References 13 publications

Mercury speciation in a coal‐fired power plant plume: An aircraft‐based study of emissions from the 3640 MW Nanticoke Generating Station, Ontario, Canada

Mercury speciation in a coal‐fired power plant plume: An aircraft‐based study of emissions from the 3640 MW Nanticoke Generating Station, Ontario, Canada

Understanding the effects of sulfur on mercury capture from coal-fired utility flue gases

Mercury Speciation in Coal Combustion and Gasification Flue Gases

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