FTIR AND SOLID‐STATE¹³C CP/MAS NMR SPECTROSCOPY OF CHARRED AND NON‐CHARRED SOLID ORGANIC RESIDUES PRESERVED IN ROMAN IRON AGE VESSELS FROM THE NETHERLANDS*

Abstract

In this study, solid-state 13 C magnetic resonance spectroscopy using cross-polarization combined with high-powered proton decoupling and magic-angle sample spinning and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy using a diamond anvil cell, are employed to give information about the organic functional groups present in charred and non-charred solid organic residues and to give an insight into the degree of condensation of the chars. Residues were preserved in ceramic vessels recovered from the indigenous settlement of Uitgeest-Groot Dorregeest, dating back to the Roman period. In addition, the application of these solid-state techniques is used for verification of earlier results obtained in analytical pyrolysis studies and to clarify the relationship between the already thermally degraded charred residues and the controlled heating fragmentation taking place during analytical pyrolysis and direct temperature-resolved mass spectrometry. ) provide evidence that a variety of technological, environmental and social factors determine the processes of pottery manufacture and use.Studies directed at the 'actual vessel use', on the other hand, can give independent information about the utilitarian role of ceramic containers. The traditional archaeological approach, the study of recovery context, is usually limited in scope (not many vessels are found in their original use-context) and its interpretations somewhat equivocal. The most direct and detailed way to identify original vessel use is through the study of 'use-alterations'-detectable changes (e.g., scratches, wear, soot deposition, crust formation and cracks) as a result of the use of the vessel (

Analysis of the Quintilii’s Villa Bronzes by Spectroscopy Techniques

“…The band at 912 cm −1 is due to Si-O bond stretching [18]. The Raman analysis confirmed the FTIR results.…”

Identification of the proto-inkstone by organic residue analysis: a case study from the Changle Cemetery in China

“…2) revealed that the archaeological samples and pine soot all show the transmission band at approximately 1580 cm −1 , which is assigned to aryl-H group in aromatic six-rings, indicating that PAHs are the prominent organic components in the black residues [17]. The band around 1419 cm −1 could be attributed to the C-H deformation of CH 2 or CH 3 groups or to the OH deformation and C-O stretching of phenolic groups [18,19].…”

“…The band around 1419 cm −1 could be attributed to the C-H deformation of CH 2 or CH 3 groups or to the OH deformation and C-O stretching of phenolic groups [18,19]. The band near 1100-1000 cm −1 in the archaeological samples is the Si-O-Si asymmetric stretching region of silica, which may have originated from soil [17]. In addition, transmission bands around 2900 cm −1 ascribing to C-H stretching, are commonly existed in organic materials and are not characteristic.…”

Organic Residue Analysis in Archaeology: The Archaeological Biomarker Revolution*

“…1989; Mills and White 1989). Visible residues have been chemically investigated (e.g., Oudemans and Boon 1991; Oudemans et al . 2007) and are widely used in dating programmes.…”