FSH and LH pituitary reserve and output in the postmenopause

Geller, Sarah; Scholler, R

doi:10.1016/0378-5122(80)90059-6

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 17 publications

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“…The fluctuations in FSH characteristic of this cycling likely add noise to an effect related to basal levels of FSH, thus reducing precision of estimates among premenopausal women. We were able to match on time since onset of menopause for all but two case‐control sets, thus reducing random differences between cases and controls that might be caused by variability in FSH levels associated with time from the onset of menopause 12–15…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Remodeling the oligosaccharides on β‐glucocerebrosidase using hydrophobic interaction chromatography and applications of hydroxyl ethyl starch for improving remodeling and enhancing protein stability

Riske¹,

Hamilton²,

Zhang³

et al. 2011

Biotech & Bioengineering

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In this article, we describe a hydrophobic interaction chromatography (HIC) method to remodel the carbohydrates on recombinant human β-glucocerebrosidase (GCR) and the use of hydroxyl ethyl starch (HES) an ethylated starch polymer, to improve this process. GCR is a therapeutic protein used in the treatment of Gaucher disease, a life threatening condition in which patients lack sufficient functional levels of this enzyme. Gaucher disease is the most common inherited lysosomal storage disorder resulting in hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, and bone and lung pathology due to the accumulation of glucosylceramide in the lysosomes of macrophages (Beutler and Grabowski, 2001). The oligosaccharide remodeling of GCR, performed on HIC using three enzymes that remove sugars, increases macrophage uptake through the mannose receptor and thereby lowers its therapeutic dose versus unmodified GCR (Furbish et al., 1981; Van Patten et al., 2007). In this article we describe findings that the addition of HES lowered the amounts of three deglycosylating enzymes needed for remodeling GCR. HES also stabilized the activity of α-glucosidase, α-galactosidase, and GCR under conditions in which these three enzymes rapidly lose activity in the absence of this polymer. Circular dichroism (CD) and second derivative UV spectroscopy revealed that the secondary and tertiary structure of α-glucosidase was unchanged while for GCR there was a slight compaction of the secondary structure but no apparent affect on the tertiary structure. The thermal stability of both GCR and α-glucosidase were enhanced by HES as both molecules showed an increased transition midpoint (T(m)).

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Remodeling the oligosaccharides on β‐glucocerebrosidase using hydrophobic interaction chromatography and applications of hydroxyl ethyl starch for improving remodeling and enhancing protein stability

Riske¹,

Hamilton²,

Zhang³

et al. 2011

Biotech & Bioengineering

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Prediagnostic circulating follicle stimulating hormone concentrations and ovarian cancer risk

McSorley

Alberg

Allen

et al. 2009

Intl Journal of Cancer

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Gonadotropins have been indicted in ovarian carcinogenesis but direct evidence has been limited and inconsistent. The aim of this study was to determine the association between prediagnostic levels of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and subsequent development of invasive epithelial ovarian cancer. A nested case-control study was conducted using cases and controls drawn from three cohorts: CLUE I and CLUE II of Washington County, MD, and the Island of Guernsey Study, United Kingdom. In total, 67 incident invasive epithelial ovarian cancer cases were each matched to 1 to 2 controls on age, menopausal status, time since last menstrual period, current hormone use and other relevant factors. FSH concentrations were classified into ranked thirds of low, medium or high based on the distribution among controls. Conditional logistic regression was used to estimate the odds ratio (OR) across increasing thirds of FSH concentrations. Results of the analysis showed that ovarian cancer risk decreased with higher FSH concentrations (p-trend 5 0.005). Compared with the lowest third of FSH concentrations, the OR among those in the middle and highest thirds were 0.45 [95% Confidence Interval (CI): 0.20-1.00] and 0.26 (95% CI: 0.10-0.70), respectively. Associations persisted after excluding cases diagnosed within 5 years of follow-up. In conclusion, a reduction in subsequent risk of invasive epithelial ovarian cancer was observed among women with higher circulating FSH concentrations. These findings contradict the hypothesized role of FSH as a risk factor in ovarian carcinogenesis. ' 2009 UICC Key words: follicle stimulating hormone (FSH); ovarian cancer; gonadotropins; epidemiology; cohort study Exposure of the ovarian surface epithelium to elevated gonadotropin levels has been proposed to play a deleterious role in ovarian carcinogenesis.1 This view is based on the concept that postovulatory inclusion cysts formed from invagination of the ovarian surface epithelium (OSE) are exposed to excessive substromal stimulation by gonadotropins and estrogen in the premenopausal period, resulting in increased cellular proliferation with eventual progression to malignant transformation. The hypothesis is largely based on observations in animal models in which various means of increased production of gonadotropins [follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and/or luteinizing hormone (LH)] was associated with ovarian tumor development.1 In humans, epidemiologic evidence in support of this hypothesis includes the decreased risk observed with oral contraceptive use, pregnancy and possibly lactation. All of these factors, which suppress gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) signaling for synthesis and secretion of both FSH and LH, are in agreement with this hypothesis. 2Only 2 studies of actual prediagnostic circulating concentrations of gonadotropin in relation to ovarian cancer risk have been reported and their results do not, overall, support the ''gonadotropin hypothesis.'' 1,3 A small nested-case-control study of 31 cases (of whom 14 were prem...

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Reproductive Hormonal Profile of Post-menopausal Women in Ebonyi State, Nigeria

Ewenighi

2014

BJMMR

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FSH and LH pituitary reserve and output in the postmenopause

Cited by 3 publications

References 17 publications

Remodeling the oligosaccharides on β‐glucocerebrosidase using hydrophobic interaction chromatography and applications of hydroxyl ethyl starch for improving remodeling and enhancing protein stability

Remodeling the oligosaccharides on β‐glucocerebrosidase using hydrophobic interaction chromatography and applications of hydroxyl ethyl starch for improving remodeling and enhancing protein stability

Prediagnostic circulating follicle stimulating hormone concentrations and ovarian cancer risk

Reproductive Hormonal Profile of Post-menopausal Women in Ebonyi State, Nigeria

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