Fruits of Tetrapterys (Malpighiaceae) from the Oligocene of Hungary and Slovenia

Hably, Lilla; Manchester, Steven R.

doi:10.1016/s0034-6667(00)00019-1

Cited by 22 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…However, our results indicate that the ''American colonist'' scenario would require at least six dispersal events across the Atlantic. The plausibility of this scenario is further diminished by excellent Eocene and Oligocene fossils of Malpighiaceae from several localities throughout the Northern Hemisphere and Africa: Perisyncolporites from northern South America and Nigeria (20), Eoglandulosa from Tennessee (21), and Tetrapterys from Hungary and Slovenia (17). Our phylogenetic results, together with the fossil evidence, suggest migration through Laurasia as a new explanation for the present distribution of Malpighiaceae.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 71%

“…A fossil species of Tetrapterys recovered from the early Oligocene (33 mya; ref. 17) suggests that the divergence between Tetrapterys and its sister lineage had occurred by this time ( Fig. 2; green star).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…17) from Hungary and Slovenia provides a reliable divergence estimate for the Tetrapterys clade and was used to calibrate our tree. Several other excellent Malpighiaceae fossils are known from the Eocene and provide important information on its distribution in the past (see Results and Discussion).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Laurasian migration explains Gondwanan disjunctions: Evidence from Malpighiaceae

Davis

Bell

Mathews

et al. 2002

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

316

293

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Explanations for biogeographic disjunctions involving SouthAmerica and Africa typically invoke vicariance of western Gondwanan biotas or long distance dispersal. These hypotheses are problematical because many groups originated and diversified well after the last known connection between Africa and South America (Ϸ105 million years ago), and it is unlikely that ''sweepstakes'' dispersal accounts for many of these disjunctions. Fig. 1). Approximately 85% of the species occur in the New World where they are pollinated by specialized oil-collecting bees that are absent from the Old World. This distribution has invited the development of alternative theories for the origin and diversification of Malpighiaceae. Vogel (2) proposed the ''Gondwanian aborigine'' hypothesis, in which the current distribution resulted from the break-up of western Gondwana (the supercontinent comprising Africa and South America). This hypothesis implies that the Malpighiaceae originated before western Gondwana divided [i.e., Ϸ105 mya (3)], as did several included lineages with disjunct distributions between the New and Old Worlds. In contrast, Anderson (1) and others (4) have favored an ''American colonist'' hypothesis, according to which Malpighiaceae originated in northern South America, in isolation from Africa, and dispersed eastward across the Atlantic at least twice. This hypothesis predicts that the ages of Malpighiaceae and of divergences between New World and Old World lineages are younger than the last known land connection between South America and Africa.To elucidate the biogeographic history of Malpighiaceae, we used maximum likelihood to estimate the phylogeny for the group by using DNA nucleotide data from chloroplast ndhF and nuclear phytochrome C (PHYC) sequences (see Materials and Methods). This data set included sequences from one outgroup and 70 species of Malpighiaceae. To test these biogeographic hypotheses, it is necessary to attach a temporal dimension to the phylogeny to infer the timing (i) of the origin of Malpighiaceae and (ii) of the disjunctions between New and Old World lineages. Although molecular divergence estimates must be viewed with caution, these approaches may identify a window of time for branching events that will help select among competing hypotheses. Materials and MethodsOur data set included 71 ndhF sequences and 71 PHYC sequences, which were readily aligned by eye. This data set included sequences from one outgroup and 70 species of Malpighiaceae representing the majority of genera, including multiple accessions from morphologically diverse or putatively non-monophyletic genera. Most ndhF sequences were previously obtained by using the methodology published in Davis, Anderson, and Donoghue (5) and in Davis (6). Two additional ndhF sequences were also generated for this study (GenBank accession nos. AF500495 and AF500496). The PHYC sequences are newly generated (GenBank accession nos. AF500522-AF500582), except for AF436794 -AF436804 from Davis (6), and were obtained by using previously detaile...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 71%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Laurasian migration explains Gondwanan disjunctions: Evidence from Malpighiaceae

Davis

Bell

Mathews

et al. 2002

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

316

293

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Sachsenhofer, personal communication) assigned also the Socka Beds at least partly to the Late Eocene, namely the classic site, from where the famous Socka flora was described (Unger 1850). Recent revisions indicate the presence of Doliostrobus (Kunzmann 1999), Tetrapteris (Hably & Manchester 2000), and Sloanea (Hably & Kvaček 2008) but the flora requires a full revision. There are more elements in common with the Early Oligocene Tard Clay floras in Hungary (e.g.…”

Section: Transeuropean Paratethys Bioprovincementioning

confidence: 99%

Forest flora and vegetation of the European early Palaeogene – a review

Kvaček¹

2010

Bull. Geosci.

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An attempt is made to follow the extent of forest types during the Palaeocene and Eocene in time and space over Europe. Problems that hinder producing more detailed maps of potential Eocene vegetation are the different palaeogeographic configuration of land and sea and changing relief due to orogeny, the variation in global climate, atmospheric circulation and the world ocean. The early Palaeogene palaeofloristic sites in Europe are widely spaced and the data so far obtained are of varying quality from one site to another. The differences between zonal, intrazonal (azonal) and extrazonal formations and impact of precipitation must be considered. Objective definitions of units based on diversity percentages of components are still to be elaborated. The macropalaeobotanical data thus far available allow us to distinguish intuitively three zonal vegetation types: 1) Broad-leaved evergreen/semi-evergreen quasi-paratropical forest with a high diversity of woody angiosperms related to tropical families, ferns and a low diversity of conifers (mostly Doliostrobus), 2) Broad-leaved nothophyllous evergreen forest with evergreen Fagaceae, Lauraceae, Altingiaceae, Myrtaceae and some conifers (Pinus, Doliostrobus, Cephalotaxus) and 3) Polar deciduous to mixed mesophytic forest with well diversified angiosperms predominantly deciduous and moderate representation of Ginkgo, conifers and ferns. Intrazonal (azonal) formations include riparian gallery forests, coal-forming swamp forests, and poorly developed mangroves with marginal freshwater wetland/aquatic vegetation. The Eocene extrazonal vegetation is less distinct in Europe, consisting probably of pine forests in high mountains and lowland sclerophyllous scrub on specific substrates. •

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“…A further record of the species may be added from the Eocene flora of Ovce Polje, Macedonia (Mihajlovič & Ljubotenski 1994). In Hungary the species was widespread in the Early Oligocene floras of the Tard Clay Formation (Hably 1986;Hably & Manchester 2000), as at Eger-Kiseged, localities in Budapest -borehole Kiscell-1, Vörös-vári street, Nagybátony-Újlak brickyard.…”

Section: Angiospermae Dicotyledoneae Lauraceaementioning

confidence: 99%