Fruits and their impact on the gut microbiota, gut motility and constipation

Katsirma, Zoi; Dimidi, Eirini; Rodriguez-Mateos, Ana; Whelan, Kevin

doi:10.1039/d1fo01125a

Cited by 44 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 119 publications

(140 reference statements)

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“…Both dietary fiber and plant polyphenols associated with dietary fiber have been shown to modulate the composition and metabolic activity of the intestinal microbiota [42][43][44]. Similarly, prebiotics have been shown to increase the abundance of intestinal bifidobacteria and lactobacilli, organisms considered beneficial for human health and often used as probiotics [45].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of wheat aleurone on biomarkers of cardiovascular disease, gut microbiota and metabolites in adults with high body mass index: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial

et al. 2022

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Purpose Aleurone is a cereal bran fraction containing a variety of beneficial nutrients including polyphenols, fibers, minerals and vitamins. Animal and human studies support the beneficial role of aleurone consumption in reducing cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Gut microbiota fiber fermentation, polyphenol metabolism and betaine/choline metabolism may in part contribute to the physiological effects of aleurone. As primary objective, this study evaluated whether wheat aleurone supplemented foods could modify plasma homocysteine. Secondary objectives included changes in CVD biomarkers, fecal microbiota composition and plasma/urine metabolite profiles. Methods A parallel double-blind, placebo-controlled and randomized trial was carried out in two groups of obese/overweight subjects, matched for age, BMI and gender, consuming foods supplemented with either aleurone (27 g/day) (AL, n = 34) or cellulose (placebo treatment, PL, n = 33) for 4 weeks. Results No significant changes in plasma homocysteine or other clinical markers were observed with either treatment. Dietary fiber intake increased after AL and PL, animal protein intake increased after PL treatment. We observed a significant increase in fecal Bifidobacterium spp with AL and Lactobacillus spp with both AL and PL, but overall fecal microbiota community structure changed little according to 16S rRNA metataxonomics. Metabolomics implicated microbial metabolism of aleurone polyphenols and revealed distinctive biomarkers of AL treatment, including alkylresorcinol, cinnamic, benzoic and ferulic acids, folic acid, fatty acids, benzoxazinoid and roasted aroma related metabolites. Correlation analysis highlighted bacterial genera potentially linked to urinary compounds derived from aleurone metabolism and clinical parameters. Conclusions Aleurone has potential to modulate the gut microbial metabolic output and increase fecal bifidobacterial abundance. However, in this study, aleurone did not impact on plasma homocysteine or other CVD biomarkers. Trial Registration The study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02067026) on the 17th February 2014.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of wheat aleurone on biomarkers of cardiovascular disease, gut microbiota and metabolites in adults with high body mass index: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial

et al. 2022

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“…For instance, carboxymethylcellulose, a widely used emulsifier, has been shown to act as a laxative54 and was recently linked to reduced gut microbiota diversity in humans 55. Another example is sorbitol, a sugar alcohol highly abundant in prunes, which can retain water molecules by osmosis, similar to some types of fibre that increase water content in the gut lumen and may lead to softer stools 56 57. In addition, consumption of turmeric, a spice increasing the bile secretion, has been associated with a significantly longer transit time in gnotobiotic mice 58…”

Section: Transit Time Throughout the Gitmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advancing human gut microbiota research by considering gut transit time

Procházková

Falony

Dragsted

et al. 2022

Gut

104

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Accumulating evidence indicates that gut transit time is a key factor in shaping the gut microbiota composition and activity, which are linked to human health. Both population-wide and small-scale studies have identified transit time as a top covariate contributing to the large interindividual variation in the faecal microbiota composition. Despite this, transit time is still rarely being considered in the field of the human gut microbiome. Here, we review the latest research describing how and why whole gut and segmental transit times vary substantially between and within individuals, and how variations in gut transit time impact the gut microbiota composition, diversity and metabolism. Furthermore, we discuss the mechanisms by which the gut microbiota may causally affect gut motility. We argue that by taking into account the interindividual and intraindividual differences in gut transit time, we can advance our understanding of diet–microbiota interactions and disease-related microbiome signatures, since these may often be confounded by transient or persistent alterations in transit time. Altogether, a better understanding of the complex, bidirectional interactions between the gut microbiota and transit time is required to better understand gut microbiome variations in health and disease.

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“…In 2021, a recent systematic review of trials showed that various fruits, such as prunes, raisins, and apple fiber, could increase fecal weight. The present study suggests that apple, kiwifruit, fig paste, and orange may reduce gut transit time but prunes do not ( 17 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 74%

“…A recent systematic review published in 2021 has suggested that there is some evidence for the effects of fruits on gut motility due to gut physiology and microbiota and are helpful in constipation symptom alleviation. However, it is hard to know the effects of fruits and the specific mechanisms behind their potential ( 17 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of fruit intake on functional constipation: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized and crossover studies

Huo

et al. 2022

Front. Nutr.

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Functional constipation (FC) is commonly treated with fruits whose efficacy remains unclear. We conducted a meta-analysis of fruit intervention for FC and provided evidence-based recommendations. We searched seven databases from inception to July 2022. All randomized and crossover studies on the effectiveness of fruits on FC were included. We conducted sensitivity and subgroup analysis. A total of 11 studies were included in this review. Four trials showed that kiwifruits have significantly increased stool frequency (MD = 0.26, 95% CI (0.22, 0.30), P < 0.0001, I2 = 0%) than palm date or orange juice in the fixed-effect meta-analysis. Three high-quality studies suggested that kiwifruits have a better effect than ficus carica paste on the symptom of the FC assessed by the Bristol stool scale in the fixed-effect meta-analysis [MD = 0.39, 95% CI (0.11, 0.66), P < 0.05, I2 = 27%]. Besides, five trials showed that fruits can increase the amount of Lactobacillus acidophilus [MD = 0.82, 95% CI (0.25, 1.39), P < 0.05, I2 = 52%], analyzed with the random-effect model. Subgroup meta-analysis based on the types of fruits suggested that fruits including pome fruit, citrus fruit, and berries have increased the effect of Bifidobacterium t more than the stone fruits in the random effect meta-analysis [MD = 0.51, 95% CI (0.23, 0.79), P < 0.05, I2 = 84%]. Totally, fruit intake may have potential symptom alleviation on the FC as evidence shows that they can affect stool consistency, stool frequency, and gut microbiota. Further large-scale studies are needed to gain more confident conclusions concerning the association between fruit intake and FC in the future.

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Fruits and their impact on the gut microbiota, gut motility and constipation

Abstract: Fruits are the seed-bearing product of plants and have considerable nutritional importance in the human diet. The consumption of fruits is among the dietary strategies recommended for constipation due to...

Cited by 44 publications

References 119 publications

Impact of wheat aleurone on biomarkers of cardiovascular disease, gut microbiota and metabolites in adults with high body mass index: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial

Impact of wheat aleurone on biomarkers of cardiovascular disease, gut microbiota and metabolites in adults with high body mass index: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial

Advancing human gut microbiota research by considering gut transit time

Effect of fruit intake on functional constipation: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized and crossover studies

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