Fruits and seeds of Craigia bronnii (Malvaceae – Tilioideae) and associated flower buds from the late Miocene Inden Formation, Lower Rhine Basin, Germany

Kvaček, Zlatko; Manchester, Steven R.; Zetter, Reinhard; Pingen, Maria

doi:10.1016/s0034-6667(01)00135-x

Cited by 36 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…During the present time the genus Craigia occurs in broad-leaved evergreen and deciduous mixed forests and seasonally wet forests. However, according to Kvaček et al (2002), ecological tolerances of its fossil representatives may have been greater during the Tertiary. This tree surely tolerated swampy conditions and entered even coal-forming forests in wetland habitats namely swamp forests dominated by the Taxodiaceae and many other swampy and riparian woody plants as well aquatic herbs.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Miocene vegetation pattern and climate change in the northwestern Central Paratethys domain (Czech and Slovak Republic)

Kováčová¹,

Doláková²,

Kováč³

2011

Geologica Carpathica

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Abstract:The case study area covers the slopes of the tectonically quiet European platform and foreland of the tectonically active Carpathian mountain chain (Carpathian Foredeep and Vienna Basin). Therefore the research on pollen spectra mirrors not only the evolution of landscape in two areas with different geodynamics, but also climatic changes in the Central Paratethys domain during the studied time interval. According to the pollen data, the Early to Middle Miocene vegetation reflects subtropical climate with very mild (negligible) cooling events during this period. This is indicated by common occurrence of thermophilous taxa in the whole sedimentary record. The Middle Miocene landscape evolution, conditioned by uplift of the Carpathian mountain chain and subsidence of adjacent lowlands, led to commencement of the altitudinal zonation. The terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems confirm a subtropical climate (Miocene Climatic Optimum, Mi3 event) with some possible long term changes in humidity. The Late Miocene paleogeographical changes, but also general climatic oscillations in the northwestern Central Paratethys realm, resulted in decrease of the number of thermophilous taxa during this time (change in latitudinal position of the vegetation cover). Variously high mountain relief of the uplifted mountain chains (altitudinal zonality) created ideal conditions for mixed mesophytic forests (to open woodland -open grassland type), still with presence of evergreen taxa. A subtropical climate with gradual transition to warm temperate climatic conditions is supposed on the basis of the reconstructed vegetation cover.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Miocene vegetation pattern and climate change in the northwestern Central Paratethys domain (Czech and Slovak Republic)

Kováčová¹,

Doláková²,

Kováč³

2011

Geologica Carpathica

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“…-Pollen morphology of Craigia yunnanensis W.W. Smith et W.E. Evans has been documented using LM and SEM by Long et al (1985) and Kvaček et al (2002). In LM the apertures of Craigia pollen is characterised by a circular horseshoe-like nexine thickening best observed in optical cross-section (Kvaček et al 2002, plate V).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Combined LM and SEM study of the middle Miocene (Sarmatian) palynoflora from the Lavanttal Basin, Austria: Part V. Magnoliophyta 3 – Myrtales to Ericales

Grímsson

Bouchal

Xafis

et al. 2020

Grana

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The continued investigation of the middle Miocene palynoflora from the Lavanttal Basin reveals numerous additional angiosperm taxa. The Myrtales to Ericales pollen record documented here comprises 46 different taxa belonging to (Rehderodendron) and Symplocaceae (Symplocos). Köppen signatures of potential modern analogues of the additional fossil woody elements confirm the hypothesis of a subtropical (Cfa, Cwa) climate at lower elevations and subsequent transition into a temperate climate with altitudinal succession (Cfa → Cfb/Dfa → Dfb; Cwa → Cwb → Dwbclimate). The fossil plants represent different vegetation units, from wetland lowlands to well-drained montane forests. Many of the fossil taxa have potential modern analogues that can be classified as nemoral and/or meridio-nemoral and/or semihumid-meridional vegetation elements. New is the recognition of oreotropical elements, which are direct indicators for a substantial altitudinal gradient.

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“…Even though we are unable to affiliate this fossil pollen type to a particular extant genus it does resembles in situ grains of the fossil species Cragia bronnii (Unger) Z.Kvaček, Bůžek et Manchester (Kvaček et al 2002), as well as extant pollen of Craigia and Tilia (cf. Perveen et al 2004).…”

Section: Systematic Palaeontologymentioning

confidence: 92%

Taxonomic description of in situ bee pollen from the middle Eocene of Germany

Grímsson

Zetter

Labandeira

et al. 2016

Grana

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The middle Eocene Messel and Eckfeld localities are renowned for their excellently preserved faunas and diverse floras. Here we describe for the first time pollen from insect-pollinated plants found in situ on well-preserved ancient bees using light and scanning electron microscopy. There have been 140 pollen types reported from Messel and 162 pollen types from Eckfeld. Here we document 23 pollen types, six from Messel and 18 from Eckfeld (one is shared). The taxa reported here are all pollinated by insects and mostly not recovered in the previously studied dispersed fossil pollen records. Typically, a single or two pollen types are found on each fossil bee specimen, the maximum number of distinct pollen types on a single individual is five. Only five of the 23 pollen types obtained are angiosperms of unknown affinity, the remainder cover a broad taxonomic range of angiosperm trees and include members of several major clades: monocots (1 pollen type), fabids (7), malvids (4), asterids (5) and other core eudicots (1). Seven types each can be assigned to individual genera or infrafamilial clades. Since bees visit only flowers in the relative vicinity of their habitat, the recovered pollen provides a unique insight into the autochthonous palaeo-flora. The coexistence of taxa such as Decodon, Elaeocarpus, Mortoniodendron and other Tilioideae, Mastixoideae, Olax, Pouteria and Nyssa confirms current views that diverse, thermophilic forests thrived at the Messel and Eckfeld localities, probably under a warm subtropical, fully humid climate. Our study calls for increased attention to pollen found in situ on pollen-harvesting insects such as bees, which can provide new insights on insect-pollinated plants and complement even detailed palaeo-palynological knowledge obtained mostly from pollen of wind-pollinated plants in the dispersed pollen record of sediments. In the case of Elaeocarpus, Mortoniodendron, Olax and Pouteria the pollen collected by the middle Eocene bees represent the earliest unambiguous records of their respective genera.

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Fruits and seeds of Craigia bronnii (Malvaceae – Tilioideae) and associated flower buds from the late Miocene Inden Formation, Lower Rhine Basin, Germany

Cited by 36 publications

References 7 publications

Miocene vegetation pattern and climate change in the northwestern Central Paratethys domain (Czech and Slovak Republic)

Miocene vegetation pattern and climate change in the northwestern Central Paratethys domain (Czech and Slovak Republic)

Combined LM and SEM study of the middle Miocene (Sarmatian) palynoflora from the Lavanttal Basin, Austria: Part V. Magnoliophyta 3 – Myrtales to Ericales

Taxonomic description of in situ bee pollen from the middle Eocene of Germany

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