Fruit, vegetable, and starch mixtures on the nutritional quality of black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae and resulting frass

Fischer, Hayden; Romano, Nicholas

doi:10.3920/jiff2020.0100

Cited by 36 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The BSFL were produced from a fifth generation in our laboratory as described in Fischer and Romano (2021). Briefly, the initial colony of BSFL was purchased from Josh's Frogs, Owosso, MI and further cultured at our laboratory within a 3.6 x 3.6 meter temperature-controlled room at 34°C.…”

Section: Source Of the Microplastics And Black Soldier Fly Larvaementioning

confidence: 99%

Microplastics affected black soldier fly (Hermetiaillucens) pupation and short chain fatty acids

Romano

Fischer

2021

J Applied Entomology

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Plastics are used in almost every form of daily life where it is estimated that 300 million tonnes are produced each year, with 51% of production in Asia (PlasticsEurope, 2019). Unfortunately, plastics are often single-use and thus end up in landfills and water ways where they eventually degrade into microscopic (1-1,000 µm) secondary microplastics (MPs) (Burns & Boxall, 2018). Typically, secondary MPs are non-uniformly shaped fragments and the most commonly found include polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and polystyrene (PS) (do Sul et al., 2013). The prevalence of MPs in various waterways, both freshwater and marine, has been globally documented, but are also being found in the air and soil (Enyoh et al., 2019; Oliveira & Almedia, 2019; Möller et al., 2020). Oliveira & Almedia (2019) emphasized that the prevalence of MPs is substantially understudied in soils, despite having a high capacity to retain and accumulate MPs. Perhaps not surprisingly, MPs in uncontrolled landfills are substantially higher and can reach up to 91 particles/g refuse (He et al., 2019; Hou et al., 2021; Su et al., 2019). According to the most recent estimates, plastics are the third most common material in landfills at 19.2%, based on weight in the United States (EPA (Environmental Protection Agency), 2020). Paper and food waste are first and second, respectively, in landfills based on weight (EPA (Environmental Protection Agency), 2020). Thus, im-properly managed landfills attract various pests and insects, including black soldier flies, Hermetia illucens (Fadila et al., 2020;Qasim et al., 2020), which makes it a real possibility that black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) can be exposed to MPs. This could have ecological implications, especially considering adult black soldier flies are pollinators (Srikanth et al., 2013). Moreover, there has been increasing interest in feeding BSFL with landfill residue and leachate as an environmentally friendly method to convert this waste into a high-value prod-

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Section: Source Of the Microplastics And Black Soldier Fly Larvaementioning

confidence: 99%

Microplastics affected black soldier fly (Hermetiaillucens) pupation and short chain fatty acids

Romano

Fischer

2021

J Applied Entomology

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“…These results are following previously accepted knowledge that deals with the use of vegetables as input waste to produce BSFL and frass. These BSFL products are comparable to other products and are considered valuable and sustainable resources for the agricultural industry [108].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Untitled

2022

JBR

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Environmental pollution sources including waste or metal accumulation, industrial and agricultural activities can be dangerous. Also, contaminated organic waste (COW) with metals especially, copper ions (Cu 2+ ), can cause toxicity to various ecosystem components, enhance the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and consequently cause oxidative stress. The biochemical effect of the COW was monitored by assessing the oxidative stress parameters (OSP) using hydrogen peroxides (H 2 O 2 ), protein carbonyls (PC), lipid peroxides (LP), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), 2,2 diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), total antioxidant ability (TAA); β-esterase (β-EST); and total amount of protein (TAP) levels on the organic waste (kitchen and vegetable wastes); Hermetia illucens larvae; and larval excreta collected from 7-day post-treated kitchen and vegetables wastes with (1:10; g:mL) distilled water (DW) or 100 mg/mL Cu 2+ . The OSP levels were significantly higher in the experimental samples from Cu 2+ groups than in the control one. Besides that, the OSP levels of H. illucens larvae feed on vegetable waste was significantly higher than those feed on kitchen waste except for β-EST, PC, and TPA. The best, cheap and easy parameters of antioxidants to ensure the entomoremediation ability are total antioxidant capacity. Possible impacts of accumulated and Cu 2+ contaminated organic waste on H. illucens larvae were discussed. Also, the ability of insects to produce more antioxidants than input or output sources was approved. The potential use of the OSP as a bioindicator method of the bioremediation ability of H. illucens was proposed.

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“…Black soldier fly ( Hermetia illucens ) larvae (BSFL) are increasingly being investigated as sustainable protein and lipid sources in livestock feeds, either as a replacement to traditional ingredients or as a health promoting supplement (Lee et al 2018 ; Harlystiarini et al 2020 ; Kumar et al 2021 ; Fischer et al 2021a ). The production of BSFL can be sustainable because BSLF can thrive on various waste streams, such as manure and spoiled foods that are unsuitable for human consumption (Rehman et al 2017a , b ; Fischer and Romano 2021 ; Van Huis 2021 ). The amino acid content of BSFL is not altered greatly by their diet, despite being fed diets with vastly different amino acid profiles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the other hand, the proximate and fatty acid composition of BSFL tends to be more influenced by their food source. For example, vegetables lead to higher crude protein but lower lipid content in BSFL compared to fruits or starches (Jucker et al 2007 ; Fischer and Romano 2021 ). High starch diets may increase the lipid content in BSFL by enhancing the synthesis of some saturated fatty acids, particularly capric acid (C10), lauric acid (C12), and myristic acid (C14) (Hoc et al 2020 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardboard supplementation on the growth and nutritional content of black solider fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae and resulting frass

Romano

2022

Int J Trop Insect Sci

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A 10-day trial was conducted to compare the production and fatty acid composition of black soldier fly ( Hermetia illucens ) larvae (BSFL) when grown without or with cardboard supplementation at 2.2% on a dry weight basis. The final biomass of BSFL or waste reduction was not significantly impacted by cardboard. The fatty acids of C10 and C22:6n-3 were significantly higher in BSFL in the cardboard treatment, but crude lipid significantly reduced. The leftover BSFL frass had significantly higher sulfur, zinc, manganese and boron at the expense of lower nitrogen (91.2% versus 8.73% in control versus cardboard, respectively). These preliminary results appear to indicate that the growth and nutritional value of BSFL were not adversely compromised while the frass can be enhanced by adding relatively small amounts (2.2%) of cardboard. Further studies could be conducted to investigate the implications of higher inclusion levels.

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Fruit, vegetable, and starch mixtures on the nutritional quality of black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae and resulting frass

Cited by 36 publications

References 27 publications

Microplastics affected black soldier fly (Hermetiaillucens) pupation and short chain fatty acids

Microplastics affected black soldier fly (Hermetiaillucens) pupation and short chain fatty acids

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Cardboard supplementation on the growth and nutritional content of black solider fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae and resulting frass

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