Fruit Ripening Signals and Cues in a Madagascan Dry Forest: Haptic Indicators Reliably Indicate Fruit Ripeness to Dichromatic Lemurs

Valenta, Kim; Miller, Chelsea N.; Monckton, Spencer K.; Melin, Amanda D.; Lehman, Shawn M.; Styler, Sarah A.; Jackson, Derek A.; Chapman, Colin A.; Lawes, Michael J.

doi:10.1007/s11692-016-9374-7

Cited by 22 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…However, we do recommend improving fragment connectivity for conservation measures focusing on E . fulvus as it is an important seed disperser in the landscape [ 83 ] and we found their occurrence to be positively related to fragment connectivity. If source-sink dynamics are occurring within the landscape for M .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Lemur species-specific metapopulation responses to habitat loss and fragmentation

Steffens¹,

Lehman

2018

PLoS ONE

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Determining what factors affect species occurrence is vital to the study of primate biogeography. We investigated the metapopulation dynamics of a lemur community consisting of eight species (Avahi occidentalis, Propithecus coquereli, Microcebus murinus, Microcebus ravelobensis, Lepilemur edwardsi, Cheirogaleus medius, Eulemur mongoz, and Eulemur fulvus) within fragmented tropical dry deciduous forest habitat in Ankarafantsika National Park, Madagascar. We measured fragment size and isolation of 42 fragments of forest ranging in size from 0.23 to 117.7 ha adjacent to continuous forest. Between June and November 2011, we conducted 1218 surveys and observed six of eight lemur species (M. murinus, M. ravelobensis, C. medius, E. fulvus, P. coquereli, and L. edwardsi) in the 42 fragments. We applied among patch incidence function models (IFMs) with various measures of dispersal and a mainland-island IFM to lemur species occurrence, with the aim of answering the following questions: 1) Do lemur species in dry deciduous forest fragments form metapopulations? 2) What are the separate effects of area (extinction risk) and connectivity/isolation (colonization potential) within a lemur metapopulation? 3) Within simulated metapopulations over time, how do area and connectivity/isolation affect occurrence? and 4) What are the conservation implications of our findings? We found that M. murinus formed either a mainland-island or an among patch metapopulation, M. ravelobensis formed a mainland-island metapopulation, C. medius and E. fulvus formed among patch metapopulations, and neither P. coquereli or L. edwardsi formed a metapopulation. Metapopulation dynamics and simulations suggest that area was a more consistent positive factor determining lemur species occurrence than fragment isolation and is crucial to the maintenance of lemur populations within this fragmented landscape. Using a metapopulation approach to lemur biogeography is critical for understanding how lemur species respond to forest loss and fragmentation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Lemur species-specific metapopulation responses to habitat loss and fragmentation

Steffens¹,

Lehman

2018

PLoS ONE

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“…Accordingly, only animals with the ability to process fruits with their teeth or hands (and larger birds) can consume larger fruits (Burns, 2013; Flörchinger, Braun, Böhning‐Gaese, & Schaefer, 2010; Herrera, 1992, 1995; Kitamura, Yumoto, Poonswad, Chuailua, & Plongmai, 2004). But many other factors lead to selective exploitation of fruits by frugivores: their nutritional content (Felton, Felton, Lindenmayer, & Foley, 2009), colour (Duan, Goodale, & Quan, 2014; Duan & Quan, 2013; Julliot, 1996; Lai, Guo, & Xiao, 2014; Larrinaga, 2011; Riba‐Hernández, Stoner, & Lucas, 2005; Shanahan, So, Compton, & Corlett, 2001; Valenta, Nevo, & Chapman, 2018; Wheelwright & Janson, 1985), scent (Nevo et al, 2015; Nevo & Heymann, 2015; Nevo, Heymann, Schulz, & Ayasse, 2016; Nevo, Razafimandimby, Jeffrey, Schulz, & Ayasse, 2018; Nevo & Valenta, 2018; Valenta et al, 2013; Whitehead, Quesada, & Bowers, 2016; Zhang et al, 2014) and hardness (Kinzey & Norconk, 1990; Reys, Sabino, & Galetti, 2009; Valenta, 2014; Valenta et al, 2015, 2016). These studies indicate that the presence of certain traits or their combinations affect the probability of dispersal by different frugivores.…”

Section: Evidence For Frugivore–fruit Coevolutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To date, most fruit traits studied show little phylogenetic signal, and thus presumably a high degree of evolutionary lability. These include colour (Nevo, Valenta, et al, 2018; Stournaras et al, 2013; Valenta, Kalbitzer, et al, 2018; Valenta et al, 2016), scent (Nevo & Ayasse, 2020; Nevo, Razafimandimby, et al, 2018; Valenta et al, 2016) and morphological traits such as size, mass and hardness (Valenta et al, 2016). However, most of these studies used phylogenetically extensive model systems in which model species are separated by long evolutionary histories, and many represent lineages in which fleshy fruits have evolved independently.…”

Section: Other Factors Driving Fruit Traitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While most recent studies are phylogenetically informed in the sense that they statistically corrected for the non‐independence of species (Hodgkison et al, 2013; Lomascolo et al, 2010; Lomáscolo & Schaefer, 2010; Nevo, Razafimandimby, et al, 2018; Nevo et al, 2019; Nevo & Valenta, 2018; Nevo, Valenta, et al, 2018; Valenta et al, 2016), reconstructions of the evolution of fruit traits, especially in the context of interaction with animals, are still rare. A handful of recent studies have examined the relationships between fruit traits such as size and colour to plant migration and diversification (Lu et al, 2019; Onstein et al, 2017, 2018, 2019).…”

Section: Inferring Mutualist Adaptations Of Fruit Traits—a Way Forwardmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The dispersal syndrome hypothesis: How animals shaped fruit traits, and how they did not

Valenta

Nevo

2020

Functional Ecology

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1. Fleshy fruits have evolved multiple times and display a tremendous diversity of colours, shapes, aromas and textures. For over a century this was attributed, at least in part, to frugivore-driven selection. The dispersal syndrome hypothesis posits that fruits and frugivores co-evolved, each exerting sufficient selective pressure on one another, and resulting to in suites of fruit traits that match frugivore behaviour, morphology and sensory capacities.2. In the last two decades of the past century, the dispersal syndrome hypothesis has been deemed overly adaptationist. Challenges are based on a variety of arguments, primarily that previous studies did not sufficiently incorporate a phylogenetic framework, and that non-adaptive factors can explain a great deal of extant fruit trait variation.3. In recent years, many studies have addressed these issues and found support for the dispersal syndrome hypothesis. As empirical evidence mounts, it's become increasingly clear that many fruit traits-primarily size, colour and scent-are strongly affected by frugivore trait preference. 4. At the same time, many studies do not sufficiently consider the many confounding factors involved in fruit trait evolution. 5. We review the evidence supporting the dispersal syndrome hypothesis and highlight the existing gaps in knowledge and the factors that are currently still not fully incorporated into the study of the evolution of fruit traits. K E Y W O R D S dispersal syndrome hypothesis, frugivory, fruit syndrome hypothesis, mutualism, plant-animal co-evolution, seed dispersal | 1159 Functional Ecology VALENTA ANd NEVO S U PP O RTI N G I N FO R M ATI O N Additional supporting information may be found online in the Supporting Information section.

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“…also play an important role in addition to surface topology [35]. An example of a plant-animal interaction involving haptic perception is that of haptic properties of fruitsnotably mass and hardness-that are presumably indicators of their ripeness for certain primates [36]. Surface roughness/topography has only scarcely been analysed in this context so far and thus might represent an interesting field of future interdisciplinary research.…”

Section: (D) Biomimetic Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Replicating the complexity of natural surfaces: technique validation and applications for biomimetics, ecology and evolution

Kumar

Palacios

Surapaneni

et al. 2018

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A.

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The surfaces of animals, plants and abiotic structures are not only important for organismal survival, but they have also inspired countless biomimetic and industrial applications. Additionally, the surfaces of animals and plants exhibit an unprecedented level of diversity, and animals often move on the surface of plants. Replicating these surfaces offers a number of advantages, such as preserving a surface that is likely to degrade over time, controlling for non-structural aspects of surfaces, such as compliance and chemistry, and being able to produce large areas of a small surface. In this paper, we compare three replication techniques among a number of species of plants, a technical surface and a rock. We then use two model parameters (cross-covariance function ratio and relative topography difference) to develop a unique method for quantitatively evaluating the quality of the replication. Finally, we outline future directions that can employ highly accurate surface replications, including ecological and evolutionary studies, biomechanical experiments, industrial applications and improving haptic properties of bioinspired surfaces. The recent advances associated with surface replication and imaging technology have formed a foundation on which to incorporate surface information into biological sciences and to improve industrial and biomimetic applications. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Bioinspired materials and surfaces for green science and technology’.

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Fruit Ripening Signals and Cues in a Madagascan Dry Forest: Haptic Indicators Reliably Indicate Fruit Ripeness to Dichromatic Lemurs

Cited by 22 publications

References 72 publications

Lemur species-specific metapopulation responses to habitat loss and fragmentation

Lemur species-specific metapopulation responses to habitat loss and fragmentation

The dispersal syndrome hypothesis: How animals shaped fruit traits, and how they did not

Replicating the complexity of natural surfaces: technique validation and applications for biomimetics, ecology and evolution

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