Fruit Quality in Almond as Related to the Type of Pollination in Self-compatible Genotypes

Kodad, Ossama; Company, R. Socías i

doi:10.21273/jashs.133.3.320

Cited by 26 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…It should also be pointed out that fruits of Amendoão, presented higher weights and dimensions, and lower shelling percentage (14.45 ± 2.08%) was recorded. This parameter can be looked at as a quantitative measure of shell hardness (Kodad and Socias i Company 2008). A general classification indicates 10-30% of shelling percentage for very hard shells, 30-50% for hard shells, and 50-70% for soft shells (Socias i Company et al 2008).…”

Section: Morphological and Mechanical Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphological, mechanical and antioxidant properties of Portuguese almond cultivars

et al. 2017

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The aim of this study was to evaluate morphological (of fruit and kernel), mechanical (namely shell rupture force) and antioxidant properties (including phenolics and flavonoid content) of five Portuguese almond cultivars, comparing them with two commercial cultivars (Glorieta and Ferragnès). Of the analyzed traits, nut and kernel dimensions varied substantially and were used to describe cultivars. However, some traditional cultivars recorded similar (Pegarinhos), or even higher (Amendoão, Casanova and Refêgo) nut and kernel weight than commercial cultivars. Furthermore, shelling percentage of traditional cultivar (Bonita) was higher than commercial cultivars. Rupture force necessary to break fruits of all traditional cultivars was higher than commercial ones, and was correlated to nut weight cultivars. The phenolics, flavonoids content and antioxidants were higher for Casanova. Parameters like high kernel weight, low percentages of double kernels or losses during shelling and considerable higher phenolics and flavonoids content may be considered by industry during selection of almond.

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Section: Morphological and Mechanical Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphological, mechanical and antioxidant properties of Portuguese almond cultivars

et al. 2017

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“…Macadamia growers may need to closely inter-plant cultivars and manage beehives to maximise cross-pollination.Plants 2020, 9, 228 2 of 14 also a valuable source of calcium, iron and zinc, which can be absorbed insufficiently during phases of high dietary demand such as infancy, childhood, adolescence, pregnancy and breastfeeding [16][17][18][19][20][21].The fatty acid composition and nutrient concentrations of tree-nut kernels can vary greatly among cultivars [9,[22][23][24][25][26][27][28]. Fatty acid composition and nutrient concentrations can also vary within almond or pistachio cultivars because of differences in the pollen parentage of individual kernels [22][23][24][25]29,30]. For example, self-pollinated kernels of some almond cultivars have lower oleic:linoleic acid ratios than cross-pollinated kernels [25,29].…”

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“…For example, self-pollinated kernels of some almond cultivars have lower oleic:linoleic acid ratios than cross-pollinated kernels [25,29]. In addition, self-pollinated kernels of some almond, chestnut and hazelnut cultivars are smaller than cross-pollinated kernels [22,[31][32][33]. Such effects of the paternal genetic background on the size or quality of the embryo are termed "xenia", and xenic effects are common in fruit and nut crops [34].…”

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confidence: 99%

“…The fatty acid composition and nutrient concentrations of tree-nut kernels can vary greatly among cultivars [9,[22][23][24][25][26][27][28]. Fatty acid composition and nutrient concentrations can also vary within almond or pistachio cultivars because of differences in the pollen parentage of individual kernels [22][23][24][25]29,30]. For example, self-pollinated kernels of some almond cultivars have lower oleic:linoleic acid ratios than cross-pollinated kernels [25,29].…”

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Relationships between Nut Size, Kernel Quality, Nutritional Composition and Levels of Outcrossing in Three Macadamia Cultivars

Richards

Kämper

Trueman

et al. 2020

Plants

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Tree nuts play an important role in healthy diets, but their economic value and nutritional quality may be affected by their size and paternity. We assessed relationships between nut size and kernel recovery, the incidence of whole kernels, fatty acid composition and mineral nutrient concentrations in three macadamia cultivars, "Daddow", "816" and "A4". We determined to what extent differences in nut size and quality were the result of different levels of cross-or self-paternity. Small nuts of all cultivars had lower kernel recovery than large nuts, and small nuts provided lower incidence of whole kernels in "Daddow" and "A4". Small kernels had a lower relative abundance of the saturated fatty acid, palmitic acid, in all cultivars and higher relative abundance of the unsaturated fatty acid, oleic acid, in "Daddow" and "A4". Small kernels had higher concentrations of many essential nutrients such as nitrogen and calcium, although potassium concentrations were lower in small kernels. Most nuts arose from cross-pollination. Therefore, nut size and kernel quality were not related to different levels of cross-and self-paternity. Identified cross-paternity was 88%, 78% and 90%, and identified self-paternity was 3%, 2% and 0%, for "Daddow", "816" and "A4", respectively. Small macadamia kernels are at least as nutritious as large macadamia kernels. High levels of cross-paternity confirmed that many macadamia cultivars are predominantly outcrossing. Macadamia growers may need to closely inter-plant cultivars and manage beehives to maximise cross-pollination.Plants 2020, 9, 228 2 of 14 also a valuable source of calcium, iron and zinc, which can be absorbed insufficiently during phases of high dietary demand such as infancy, childhood, adolescence, pregnancy and breastfeeding [16][17][18][19][20][21].The fatty acid composition and nutrient concentrations of tree-nut kernels can vary greatly among cultivars [9,[22][23][24][25][26][27][28]. Fatty acid composition and nutrient concentrations can also vary within almond or pistachio cultivars because of differences in the pollen parentage of individual kernels [22][23][24][25]29,30]. For example, self-pollinated kernels of some almond cultivars have lower oleic:linoleic acid ratios than cross-pollinated kernels [25,29]. In addition, self-pollinated kernels of some almond, chestnut and hazelnut cultivars are smaller than cross-pollinated kernels [22,[31][32][33]. Such effects of the paternal genetic background on the size or quality of the embryo are termed "xenia", and xenic effects are common in fruit and nut crops [34]. Therefore, maximising both yield and human-health benefits may depend upon ensuring high levels of cross-pollination in tree-nut orchards.Relationships between kernel size, nutritional composition, and cross-or self-paternity are poorly understood for some nuts, including the subtropical tree nut, macadamia (Macadamia integrifolia, M. tetraphylla and hybrids). Macadamia flowers are bee-pollinated and partially self-incompatible [35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42]...

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“…The role of agronomic practices for oil yield improvement was also reported for other oil crops such as Elaeis guineensis Jacq. [37], Prunus amygdalus Batsch [38], Brassica napus L. [39], Nigella sativa Linn. [40] and Olea europaea L. [41][42][43].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conserving Open Natural Pollination Safeguards Jatropha Oil Yield and Oil Quality

et al. 2014

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The high oil content and suitable fatty acid composition of the seeds are two arguments to promote Jatropha curcas L. as a promising biodiesel crop. For seed yielding crops as J. curcas, it can be expected that successful pollination is a key process affecting oil yield and oil quality. Field experiments were conducted in Zambia to study the effects of different pollination treatments (autonomous autogamy, open natural, open pollen supplemented, self, and cross-pollination) on seed morphology, seed oil content (g), seed oil concentration (%), and oil fatty acid composition of J. curcas in 2-and 5-year-old plantations. For this experiment, 100 inflorescences per plantation were selected. Autonomous autogamy and self-pollination treatments reduced oil yield with 70 and 29 % respectively, compared to open pollination. Cross-and self-pollinations resulted in longer seeds than open pollination but did not affect oil content and concentration. The oil has high unsaturated fatty acid content (80 %) and is composed of nine fatty acids. Pollination treatments had an effect on fatty acid composition of oil from mature trees (5 years old), but had not for 2-year-old trees. The oleic acid content, a determinant fatty acid component for quality biodiesel production was lower for artificial self-pollination (9 % reduction) compared to open pollination. This research demonstrates that overall oil yield and quality are the highest under natural pollination. This shows the importance of safeguarding the quality and effectiveness of open natural pollination. This can be done by enhancing the presence of insects identified as J. curcas pollinators, particularly those pollinators enhancing cross-pollination.

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Fruit Quality in Almond as Related to the Type of Pollination in Self-compatible Genotypes

Cited by 26 publications

References 24 publications

Morphological, mechanical and antioxidant properties of Portuguese almond cultivars

Morphological, mechanical and antioxidant properties of Portuguese almond cultivars

Relationships between Nut Size, Kernel Quality, Nutritional Composition and Levels of Outcrossing in Three Macadamia Cultivars

Conserving Open Natural Pollination Safeguards Jatropha Oil Yield and Oil Quality

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