Fruit morphology of the genus <em>Pimpinella (Apiaceae)</em> in Turkey

Abstract

To explore if fruit morphology could aid in taxonomy of the genus Pimpinella L., we have undertaken a study of fruits from 26 Turkish taxa of Pimpinella using light and scanning electron microscopy—SEM—. A great deal of inter and intraspecific variation for both fruit shape and surface was observed. Fruit shapes of Turkish taxa of Pimpinella range from oblong-cylindrical to subglobose and indumentum when present can be strigose, hispid and may include hamate trichomes. Variation in fruit surface is also considerable and allows recognizing nine different ornamentation patterns. However, variation in shape, surface ornamentation and indumentum is not tightly associated since species with similar fruit shapes do not necessarily have similar surface ornamentation. To jointly analyse fruit morphology together with the most commonly used morphological characters of the whole plant and to compare morphological evidence with available phylogenetic hypotheses, a cluster analysis was also performed: the Turkish species of Pimpinella were clustered into two distinct groups, the second one subdivided in another two subgroups.

Comparative Fruit Morphology and Anatomy of Wild Relatives of Carrot (Daucus, Apiaceae)

“…In D. rouyi, ribbed-striate fruit surface ornamentation was observed. This sculpturing pattern has also been reported, for example, in a few members of Grammosciadium [53] and Pimpinella ibradiensis [52]. Four Daucus taxa were characterized by the presence of tubercles, of which only D. aureus was covered on the entire surface of the mericarp, whereas D. guttatus, D. littoralis, and D. muricatus had only tuberculate secondary ribs.…”

“…Exocarp cell shape, exomesocarp protuberances, and cuticles are those components that contribute to fruit surface sculpturing, often providing taxonomically useful data [51]. In our study, as revealed by SEM, most of the investigated Daucus taxa had a rugose type of ornamentation, which can also be found, for instance, in Ferula dshizakensis [41] or some species of Pimpinella [52]. In D. rouyi, ribbed-striate fruit surface ornamentation was observed.…”

Koulium Genus nov. and Koulium psammogetifolium Sp. nov. (Apiaceae; Pimpinelleae) from Jammu, India

“…Perusal of floristic literature Boissier (1872), Drude (1898), Clarke (1879), Kitamura (1960), Heywood and Dakshini (1971), Babu (1977), Sharma and Kachroo (1981), Mukherjee and Constance (1983, 1986, Rechinger (1987), Leonov (1993, 2004), Katz-Downie et al (1999), Ohba (1999), Downie et al (2000Downie et al ( , 2010, Zakharova et al (2012), Yesil et al (2018), Pimenov et al (2019, Mousavi et al (2022), Gosavi et al (2020Gosavi et al ( , 2022 reveal each made finding regarding the genera and species of this family that differed from what was previously known.…”