Fruit Gravimetrical Traits in Almond [Prunus dulcis (Mill.) D.A. Webb]: Combined Effects of Genetic Control and Environmental Drivers

Sakar, El Hassan; Yamani, Mohamed El; Rharrabti, Yahia

doi:10.1007/s10341-019-00457-x

Cited by 6 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…e three sites are located in southeastern Morocco. For fruit sampling, from each variety, three healthy trees of similar age were used for fruit harvesting [17,18]. At Tamar stage, from each tree, about 1.5 kg of fruits was harvested around trees canopy following the four compass directions.…”

Section: Plant Material Study Area and Samplingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Along with chemical composition, physical fruit traits are very important as they define fruit quality and consumer acceptance [18]. Date fruits can be sorted based on their morphological traits [4].…”

Section: Physical Fruit Traitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In comparison "Amouch," "Ismmarti," and "Boufgous" were marked by higher values of C16 : 0, C18 : 1, C20 : 1, and MUFA. In the literature, PCA is widely used, as a discriminative tool, among varieties and environments based on fruit traits [18]. Al-Harrasi et al [5] successfully separated 22 date palm dates grown in Oman based on nutritional and chemical profiling combined with PCA.…”

Section: Principal Component Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Physical Fruit Traits, Nutritional Composition, and Seed Oil Fatty Acids Profiling in the Main Date Palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) Varieties Grown in Morocco

Ibourki

Azouguigh

Jadouali

et al. 2021

Journal of Food Quality

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We investigated fruit physical traits and nutritional value in both seed and flesh in eight Moroccan date palm varieties. The greatest values of weight for whole fruit, flesh, seed, and flesh percentage were found in “Boufgous,” “Agondari,” and “Bouskri.” These two later varieties displayed also their superiority with respect to proximate composition. For fruit flesh, proximate composition, energy value, and reducing capacity ranged as follows: proteins (1.60–3.53%), moisture (5.31–17.31%), ash (2.08–2.50%), lipids (0.32–1.09%), carbohydrates (76.69–90.18%), energy value (338.30–385.89 kcal/100 g), and reducing capacity (100.14–1607.12 mg GAE/100 g). Corresponding values in seeds were as follows: proteins (3.20–5.00%), moisture (1.42–4.14%), ash (1.14–1.50%), lipids (6.30–7.40%), carbohydrates (83.39–85.55%), energy value (417.06–429.51 kcal/100 g), and reducing capacity (1427.71–6843.84 mg GAE/100 g dry weight). Among all minerals (K, Ca, Mg, B, Fe, Cu, Mn, Na, and Zn) found in both fruit parts, K had the highest records for both flesh (12047 mg/kg) and seed (6127.6 mg/kg), followed by Mg and Ca. Seeds lipidic fraction was dominated by monounsaturated fatty acid C18 : 1 (47.5%), followed by saturated fatty acids mostly C12 : 0 (18.0%), C14 : 0 (10.5%), and C16 : 0 (10.6%) and finally polyunsaturated fatty acid C18 : 2 (8.8%). It could be concluded that investigated varieties presented a great importance from a nutritional point of view, and seeds could present important opportunities of valorization.

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Section: Plant Material Study Area and Samplingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Physical Fruit Traitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Principal Component Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Physical Fruit Traits, Nutritional Composition, and Seed Oil Fatty Acids Profiling in the Main Date Palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) Varieties Grown in Morocco

Ibourki

Azouguigh

Jadouali

et al. 2021

Journal of Food Quality

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“…PCA is a multivariate statistical analysis used with an emphasis on the reduction of variables that most explain data variability [45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55]. Indeed, several reports used the PCA approach in order to discriminate among cultivars, growing seasons, and growing areas based on physical fruit traits [12,22,56,57]. In our data, the first component, whose magnitude exceeded 60% of data variability, seemed to be of genetic nature since it separated among cultivars.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genotypic and Environmental Variations in Kernel Color Indices in the Main Almond (Prunus dulcis (Mill.) D.A. Webb) Cultivars Grown in North-Eastern Morocco

et al. 2021

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Color indices are important quality traits that define the consumer visual acceptance and agroindustrial preferences. Little is known regarding these properties in the commercial almond cultivars grown in Morocco. This work aimed at investigating kernel color indices in five cultivars, namely, “Fournat de Brézenaud,” “Tuono,” “Ferragnès,” “Ferraduel,” and “Marcona.” Color indices consisted in the following: brightness (L∗), redness index (a∗), yellowness index (b∗), chroma (C∗), hue (H∗), and metric saturation (S∗). Measurements were performed over three consecutive growing seasons (2016–2018) across five different sites from northern (Aknoul, Bni Hadifa, and Tahar Souk) and eastern (Rislane and Sidi Bouhria) Morocco. All factors (cultivar, growing season, and site) affected significantly studied color properties; however, genotype was the main variability source. Wide variabilities were found among cultivars. “Marcona” showed the highest L∗, while “Ferragnès” and “Ferraduel” displayed greater scores of a∗, b∗, C∗, and S∗. Sidi Bouhria presented the lowest L∗ but higher a∗, H∗, and S∗. Moreover, Bni Hadifa displayed higher L∗, b∗, and C∗. 2016 (drier growing season) had the highest values of most indices. Principal component analyses (PCA) discriminate all factors through the first three components: PC1 (61%, genetic component) and PC2 (30%) and PC3 (7%) which were of environmental nature since they separate sites and growing seasons, respectively. Despite environmental effects, we suggested a possible discrimination among the studied cultivars based on their kernel color indices. Drought conditions during fruit development seemed to improve kernel quality via synthesis of pigments resulting in higher a∗ and b∗.

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“…Khah, 2015;Sakar et al, 2020;. The PC2 included tree growth vigor, canopy TA B L E 5 **Eigenvalues ≥0.65 are significant at the p ≤ .01 level.…”

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confidence: 99%

Selection of superior late‐blooming almond (Prunus dulcis [Mill.] D.A.Webb) genotypes using morphological characterizations

Beigi

Khadivi

2023

Food Science & Nutrition

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Almond (Prunus dulcis [Mill.] D.A.Webb) is one of the earliest domesticated trees and the evidence dates back to 3000–2000 BC. In the present study, 198 almond seedling origin trees were studied to select late‐flowering genotypes having high kernel quality. Significant variabilities were exhibited among the genotypes investigated based on the recorded traits. Full‐blooming date ranged from mid‐March to mid‐April. The Ward dendrogram clustered the genotypes into two major clusters forming several subclusters. After clustering the genotypes based on the full‐blooming dates, 68 late‐blooming genotypes were recognized and reanalyzed based on the quantitative characters to select the superior ones. Nut‐related characters were as follows: nut length: 22.34–43.05 mm, nut width: 14.07–24.34 mm, nut thickness: 9.21–18.00 mm, nut weight: 1.88–6.62 g, and shell thickness: 2.26–4.59 mm. Kernel‐related characters were as follows: kernel length: 16.73–25.91 mm, kernel width: 8.50–13.64 mm, kernel thickness: 3.56–7.37 mm, and kernel weight: 0.35–1.41 g. Kernel weight was positively and significantly associated with nut weight, kernel thickness, kernel length, kernel width, nut length, and branch leaf width. Thus, these key variables are the main traits accounting for kernel weight, and they should be considered together in breeding with aiming at increasing the kernel weight. Based on ideal values of the important and commercial characters of almond, such as fruit yield, nut weight, shell hardness, kernel shape, kernel weight, and kernel taste, 19 late‐blooming genotypes were promising and are recommended for cultivation in orchards.

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Fruit Gravimetrical Traits in Almond [Prunus dulcis (Mill.) D.A. Webb]: Combined Effects of Genetic Control and Environmental Drivers

Cited by 6 publications

References 27 publications

Physical Fruit Traits, Nutritional Composition, and Seed Oil Fatty Acids Profiling in the Main Date Palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) Varieties Grown in Morocco

Physical Fruit Traits, Nutritional Composition, and Seed Oil Fatty Acids Profiling in the Main Date Palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) Varieties Grown in Morocco

Genotypic and Environmental Variations in Kernel Color Indices in the Main Almond (Prunus dulcis (Mill.) D.A. Webb) Cultivars Grown in North-Eastern Morocco

Selection of superior late‐blooming almond (Prunus dulcis [Mill.] D.A.Webb) genotypes using morphological characterizations

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