Fruit Detachment in Rabbiteye Blueberry: Abscission and Physical Separation

Vashisth, Tripti; Malladi, Anish

doi:10.21273/jashs.138.2.95

Cited by 15 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…A preliminary analysis with fieldgrown plants also indicated a higher propensity for TH-729 mature fruit to detach at the PPJ (data not shown). The extent of fruit detachment at the FPJ in 'Suziblue' is similar to that noted in previous reports of fruit detachment in response to mechanical shaking in blueberry (Malladi et al, 2013;Vashisth and Malladi, 2013). Such detachment at the FPJ is due to physical breakage, while fruit detachment at the PPJ is aided by the progression of abscission (Vashisth and Malladi, 2013).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 86%

“…Two fruit per replicate were used for this analysis. The samples were rinsed in deionized water, dehydrated in a graded series of ethanol, embedded in paraffin, and sectioned (10 mm) using a microtome as described in Vashisth and Malladi (2013). The sections were stained in a 1% aqueous solution of toluidine blue and visualized under a microscope.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The pedicel ends of the detached PPJ and FPJ were analyzed. Samples were processed for SEM as described in Vashisth and Malladi (2013). Briefly, the samples were cut into 1-2 mm sections and rinsed thrice with the fixative buffer for 15 min.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Natural, wound-induced, and plant growth regulator-induced mature fruit abscission occurs at the PPJ Malladi, 2013, 2014). Harvesting fruit by hand and the majority of mechanical harvesting in blueberry are typically associated with detachment at the FPJ (Howell et al, 1976;Malladi et al, 2013;Takeda et al, 2008;Vashisth and Malladi, 2013). Fruit detachment at the FPJ is preferable for fresh fruit as detachment at the PPJ results in ''stemmy'' fruit that retain the pedicel.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Anatomical and Gene Expression Analyses of Two Blueberry Genotypes Displaying Differential Fruit Detachment

Vashisth¹,

NeSmith²,

Malladi³

2015

J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci.

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Fruit detachment in blueberry (Vaccinium sp.) may occur through the physiological process of abscission or through physical separation by breakage. Natural and induced fruit detachment through abscission occurs at the peduncle–pedicel junction (PPJ), while detachment through breakage typically occurs at the fruit–pedicel junction (FPJ). The ease of fruit detachment varies across blueberry genotypes, and a better understanding of such variation may allow for the development of genotypes better suited for hand and mechanical harvesting. TH-729 and ‘Suziblue’ are sibling southern highbush blueberry (hybrids composed largely of Vaccinium corymbosum and Vaccinium darrowi) genotypes derived from the same cross (‘Star’ × TH-474) and differ in their fruit detachment characteristics. Anatomical and molecular basis of the difference in fruit detachment between these genotypes was investigated in this study. Greater than 85% of the mature fruit of TH-729 detached at the PPJ in response to mechanical shaking in contrast to that observed in ‘Suziblue’, where greater than 90% of the fruit detached at the FPJ. The anatomy of the abscission zones (AZs) at the PPJ was similar between the two genotypes indicating that they did not differ in the establishment of the AZ. The fracture plane at the PPJ of manually detached fruit was more even in TH-729 compared with that in ‘Suziblue’, where many ruptured cells were evident. These data suggest advanced progression of abscission at the PPJ in TH-729 compared with that in ‘Suziblue’. The expression of 28 genes related to cell wall and membrane metabolism, phytohormone metabolism and signaling, and transcriptional regulation was compared between the two genotypes. Of these, two genes, ILL1 (iaa-leu resistant 1 like 3) and BIM1 (bes-interacting myc like1), associated with auxin metabolism and brassinosteroid signaling displayed over 3-fold and 1.5-fold higher transcript accumulation, respectively, in TH-729. Also, OPR1 (12-oxophytodienoate reductase), a gene associated with jasmonate (JA) biosynthesis, displayed 33% lower transcript levels in TH-729. As phytohormone signaling regulates the acquisition of competence for abscission, these data suggest that this phase of abscission progression at the PPJ differed between the two genotypes. Together, data from this study suggest inherent differences in the progression of abscission at the PPJ in blueberry. Such variation can be exploited to develop genotypes with desired harvesting characteristics.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 86%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Anatomical and Gene Expression Analyses of Two Blueberry Genotypes Displaying Differential Fruit Detachment

Vashisth¹,

NeSmith²,

Malladi³

2015

J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci.

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“…Further evaluation may be required to determine whether higher doses of MeJA can affect ripening in blueberry. However, previous studies have indicated that MeJA application at 10 mM and higher accelerate fruit detachment and result in extensive fruit drop in blueberry [54][55][56]. Hence, if higher doses of MeJA are successful at accelerating the progression of ripening, this needs to be optimized such that fruit detachment responses are not induced.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Ethephon, Abscisic Acid, and Methyl Jasmonate on Fruit Ripening in Rabbiteye Blueberry (Vaccinium virgatum)

et al. 2018

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Ripening in blueberry fruit is irregular and occurs over an extended period requiring multiple harvests, thereby increasing the cost of production. Several phytohormones contribute to the regulation of fruit ripening. Certain plant growth regulators (PGRs) can alter the content, perception, or action of these phytohormones, potentially accelerating fruit ripening and concentrating the ripening period. The effects of three such PGRs-ethephon, abscisic acid, and methyl jasmonate-on fruit ripening were evaluated in the rabbiteye blueberry (Vaccinium virgatum) cultivars 'Premier' and 'Powderblue'. Application of ethephon, an ethylene-releasing PGR, at 250 mg L −1 when 30-40% of fruit on the plant were ripe, accelerated ripening by increasing the proportion of blue (ripe) fruit by 1.5-1.8-fold within 4 to 7 days after treatment in both cultivars. Ethephon applications did not generally alter fruit quality characteristics at harvest or during postharvest storage, except for a slight decrease in juice pH at 1 day of postharvest storage and an increase in fruit firmness and titratable acidity after 15 days of postharvest storage in Powderblue. In Premier, ethephon applications decreased the proportion of defective fruit at 29 days of postharvest storage. Abscisic acid (600-1000 mg L −1 ) and methyl jasmonate (0.5-1 mM) applications did not alter the proportion of ripe fruit in either cultivar. These applications also had little effect on fruit quality characteristics at harvest and during postharvest storage. None of the above PGR applications affected the development of naturally occurring postharvest pathogens during storage. Together, data from this study indicated that ethephon has the potential to accelerate ripening in rabbiteye blueberry fruit, allowing for a potential decrease in the number of fruit harvests.Horticulturae 2018, 4, 24 2 of 13 harvested three to five times depending on the variety. This makes harvesting a labor intensive and expensive component of blueberry production, requiring up to 520 h of labor/acre and costing up to $0.70 per pound of harvested fruit [7][8][9]. Concentrating the period of ripening could help reduce the required number of harvests and reduce costs associated with production. Ripening is regulated by multiple plant hormones such as ethylene, abscisic acid, auxins, and jasmonates [10]. External applications of plant growth regulators (PGRs) that influence the levels or activity of these plant hormones may alter the progression of ripening and thereby help in concentrating the period of fruit ripening for efficient harvesting. Therefore, understanding the progression of ripening and developing tools such as PGR applications can help in improving the efficiency of blueberry harvesting.Fruit ripening is a coordinated process involving changes in fruit texture, color, flavor, and susceptibility to biotic and abiotic factors [11,12]. Although all fruit display these changes during ripening, fruits can be generally classified into one of two types depending on physiological and bioche...

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Diversity and Functional Dynamics of Fleshy Fruit Abscission Zones

Tranbarger

Tadeo

2020

Annual Plant Reviews Online

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We examine the current knowledge about the abscission of fleshy fruit, in particular with regards to the development and function of the abscission zone (AZ). While tomato is currently the main model species to elucidate the mechanisms of fleshy fruit abscission, most studies on tomato focus on the development and function of the pedicel AZ, which is involved in both flower and ripe fruit abscission. However, the localization of the AZ within the pedicel is not the most common location of the AZ for fleshy fruit. Fleshy fruit can have one or more AZ, which can be found in different locations within the inflorescence and fruiting structure and fulfil different functions. In fact, most of the fleshy fruit species examined thus far have more than one AZ, which can be found at the boundary between the fruit and pedicel (often referred to as the calyx AZ), within the pedicel as with tomato, at the juncture of the pedicel and peduncle or at the juncture between peduncle and shoot/branch. In addition, the different AZs may be activated or function at different stages of development, under different environmental conditions, or have a completely different purpose, such as the abscission of fruitlets or mature fruit. Together, our current knowledge about AZs suggests that while there are similarities between different AZs in different locations or from different species, not all AZs are created equal, which may be reflected in the underlying molecular mechanisms that control their development and function.

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Fruit Detachment in Rabbiteye Blueberry: Abscission and Physical Separation

Cited by 15 publications

References 12 publications

Anatomical and Gene Expression Analyses of Two Blueberry Genotypes Displaying Differential Fruit Detachment

Anatomical and Gene Expression Analyses of Two Blueberry Genotypes Displaying Differential Fruit Detachment

The Effect of Ethephon, Abscisic Acid, and Methyl Jasmonate on Fruit Ripening in Rabbiteye Blueberry (Vaccinium virgatum)

Diversity and Functional Dynamics of Fleshy Fruit Abscission Zones

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