Fruit crops in the era of genome editing: closing the regulatory gap

Alvarez, Derry; Cerda‐Bennasser, Pedro; Stowe, Evan; Ramírez-Torres, Fabiola G.; Capell, Teresa; Dhingra, Amit; Christou, Paul

doi:10.1007/s00299-021-02664-x

Cited by 21 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 112 publications

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“…Transgene-free genome editing improves the commercialization potential of modified crops (including fruits) because the CRISPR/Cas9 cassette is not inserted into the genome and, in many jurisdictions, the resulting variety is regulated in the same manner as a conventional crop, with certain caveats 21 . CRISPR/Cas9 RNP technology avoids transgene integration by delivering purified RNPs containing the Cas9 protein and gRNA into plant protoplasts and the subsequent regeneration of plants 133,134 .…”

Section: Crispr Rnp Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In recent years, several countries have amended their current regulations or have developed new guidelines to regulate genomeedited plants and its products 20 . This may make it possible that genome-edited fruits, similarly to all other genome-edited crops, reach the market faster in countries with a genome editing friendly policy 20,21 . Here, we first discuss fruit varieties that have already been approved for commercialization, focusing on those that are on the market.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Transgenic and genome-edited fruits: background, constraints, benefits, and commercial opportunities

et al. 2021

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Breeding has been used successfully for many years in the fruit industry, giving rise to most of today’s commercial fruit cultivars. More recently, new molecular breeding techniques have addressed some of the constraints of conventional breeding. However, the development and commercial introduction of such novel fruits has been slow and limited with only five genetically engineered fruits currently produced as commercial varieties—virus-resistant papaya and squash were commercialized 25 years ago, whereas insect-resistant eggplant, non-browning apple, and pink-fleshed pineapple have been approved for commercialization within the last 6 years and production continues to increase every year. Advances in molecular genetics, particularly the new wave of genome editing technologies, provide opportunities to develop new fruit cultivars more rapidly. Our review, emphasizes the socioeconomic impact of current commercial fruit cultivars developed by genetic engineering and the potential impact of genome editing on the development of improved cultivars at an accelerated rate.

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Section: Crispr Rnp Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transgenic and genome-edited fruits: background, constraints, benefits, and commercial opportunities

et al. 2021

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“…Although, chemical mutagens are extremely efficient in inducing desirable mutagenesis in whole plants or seeds, it is not recommended for tissue-cultured plants due to their extreme toxicity [ 37 ]. Chemical mutagens predominantly cause hemizygous point mutations and successive backcrosses are necessary to obtain a homozygous line and to stabilize the mutated gene of interest [ 47 ]. On the other hand, physical mutagenesis has a high risk of a collateral effect on non-targeted genes because the impact of physical mutagens produces multisite mutations of various sizes.…”

Section: Mutagenesis As a Source Of Genetic Variability In Tree Plantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Induced Genetic Variations in Fruit Trees Using New Breeding Tools: Food Security and Climate Resilience

Sattar

Iqbal

Al-Khayri

et al. 2021

Plants

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Fruit trees provide essential nutrients to humans by contributing to major agricultural outputs and economic growth globally. However, major constraints to sustainable agricultural productivity are the uncontrolled proliferation of the population, and biotic and abiotic stresses. Tree mutation breeding has been substantially improved using different physical and chemical mutagens. Nonetheless, tree plant breeding has certain crucial bottlenecks including a long life cycle, ploidy level, occurrence of sequence polymorphisms, nature of parthenocarpic fruit development and linkage. Genetic engineering of trees has focused on boosting quality traits such as productivity, wood quality, and resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. Recent technological advances in genome editing provide a unique opportunity for the genetic improvement of woody plants. This review examines application of the CRISPR-Cas system to reduce disease susceptibility, alter plant architecture, enhance fruit quality, and improve yields. Examples are discussed of the contemporary CRISPR-Cas system to engineer easily scorable PDS genes, modify lignin, and to alter the flowering onset, fertility, tree architecture and certain biotic stresses.

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“…In this special issue, we look back on the development of plant-genome-editing tools over the past 10 years and look into the future of crop genome-editing innovations that are made possible by diverse CRISPR systems. Alvarez et al (2021) discussed the regulation issues with gene-edited crops. Naturally occurring mutations and edits of small insertion and deletion mutations or substitution mutations may be indistinguishable in crops, which may spur changes in regulations, as we have seen in the United States and elsewhere (Alvarez et al 2021).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Alvarez et al (2021) discussed the regulation issues with gene-edited crops. Naturally occurring mutations and edits of small insertion and deletion mutations or substitution mutations may be indistinguishable in crops, which may spur changes in regulations, as we have seen in the United States and elsewhere (Alvarez et al 2021). Plant virus has been modified to become both the cargo and the vehicle that delivers CRISPR components into plant cells.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

CRISPR innovations in plant breeding

Kim

2021

Plant Cell Rep

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Fruit crops in the era of genome editing: closing the regulatory gap

Cited by 21 publications

References 112 publications

Transgenic and genome-edited fruits: background, constraints, benefits, and commercial opportunities

Transgenic and genome-edited fruits: background, constraints, benefits, and commercial opportunities

Induced Genetic Variations in Fruit Trees Using New Breeding Tools: Food Security and Climate Resilience

CRISPR innovations in plant breeding

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