Fruit and vegetable intake and risk of cardiovascular disease in US adults: the first National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Epidemiologic Follow-up Study,,

Abstract

We showed an inverse association of fruit and vegetable intake with the risk of cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality in the general US population.

Improvement in blood pressure after short-term inorganic nitrate supplementation is attenuated in cigarette smokers compared to non-smoking controls

“…It is also important to stress that, although the findings of this study suggest that cigarette smokers might not improve blood pressure if they increase dietary NO 3 -intake, increased NO 3 --rich vegetable consumption will provide other nutrients that can benefit human health [2,3]. Moreover, it is possible that increased NO 3 -intake might have improved aspects of health in smokers that were not investigated in this study or that cigarette smokers might need to consume a greater NO 3 -dose to lower blood pressure compared to their nonsmoking counterparts.…”

“…As such, interventions that can lower cardiovascular disease morbidity will be of epidemiological and economic importance. It has long been appreciated that a diet rich in fruit and vegetables lowers the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases and the incidence of adverse cardiovascular events such as stroke, heart failure and coronary heart disease [2,3]. Consequently, there are numerous government-driven initiatives to increase fruit and vegetable consumption including the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet in the United States of America [4], the 5-A-Day diet in the United Kingdom [5] and variations of this latter diet in countries within the European Union [6].…”

Evaluation of fruit and vegetable intakes of Australian adults: the National Nutrition Survey 1995

“…20 Other research suggests that females perceive more benefits in fruit and vegetable consumption, show greater concern about nutrition, 22 and are more likely to like the taste of fruit and vegetables and to report having habitually eaten lots of fruits and vegetables since childhood. 23 The results of this study suggest similar mechanisms may be occurring among Australian adults.…”

Effect of gala apples (Malus domestica Borkh) on lipidemia of hyperlipidemic rats

“…Several studies have shown the beneficial effects of the consumption of fruits and vegetables on reducing the risks of developing and even reducing cardiovascular diseases ( BAZZANO et al, 2002;HU, 2003;LAMPE, 1999;LIU et al, 2000;PANAGIOTAKOS, 2003). However, there are not many researches studying the use of apples in this area, and some of them include their antioxidant compounds (APRIKIAN, et al, 2003;BOYER;LIU, 2004;LEJA;MARECZEK;BEN, 2003;LEONTOWICZ et al, 2001;LEONTOWICZ et al, 2003;OGINO et al, 2007;SEMBRIES et al, 2006;VIDAL et al, 2005).…”