Fruit and Vegetable Intake and Overall Cancer Risk in the European Prospective Investigation Into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)

Boffetta, Paolo; Couto, Elisabeth; Wichmann, Janine; Ferrari, Pietro; Trichopoulos, Dimitrios; Bueno-De-Mesquita, H. Bas; Duijnhoven, Fränzel J.B. van; Büchner, Frederike L.; Key, Tim; Boeing, Heiner; Nöthlings, Ute; Linseisen, Jakob; González, Carlos; Overvad, Kim; Nielsen, Michael Festersen; Tjønneland, Anne; Olsen, Anja; Clavel‐Chapelon, Françoise; Boutron-Ruault, Marie Christine; Morois, Sophie; Λάγιου, Παγώνα; Naska, Androniki; Benetou, Vassiliki; Kaaks, Rudolf; Rohrmann, Sabine; Panico, Salvatore; Sieri, Sabina; Víneis, Paolo; Palli, Domenico; Gils, Carla H. van; Peeters, Petra H.M.; Lund, Eiliv; Brustad, Magritt; Engeset, Dagrun; Huerta, José María; Rodríguez, Laudina; Sánchez, María José; Dorronsoro, Miren; Barricarte, Aurelio; Hallmans, Göran; Johansson, Ingegerd; Manjer, Jonas; Sonestedt, Emily; Allen, Naomi E.; Bingham, Sheila; Khaw, Kay Tee; Slimani, Nadia; Jenab, Mazda; Mouw, Traci; Norat, Teresa; Riboli, Elio; Trichopoulou, Antonia

doi:10.1093/jnci/djq072

Cited by 367 publications

(252 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Are (38)(39)(40)(41) . Consumption of fruit and vegetables has consistently been inversely associated with risk of CVD, and this has been confirmed by meta-analyses (42)(43)(44) .…”

Section: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vegetarian diets, low-meat diets and health: a review

McEvoy

Temple

Woodside

2012

Public Health Nutr.

258

168

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Objective: To review the epidemiological evidence for vegetarian diets, low-meat dietary patterns and their association with health status in adults. Design: Published literature review focusing primarily on prospective studies and meta-analyses examining the association between vegetarian diets and health outcomes. Results: Both vegetarian diets and prudent diets allowing small amounts of red meat are associated with reduced risk of diseases, particularly CHD and type 2 diabetes. There is limited evidence of an association between vegetarian diets and cancer prevention. Evidence linking red meat intake, particularly processed meat, and increased risk of CHD, cancer and type 2 diabetes is convincing and provides indirect support for consumption of a plant-based diet. Conclusions: The health benefits of vegetarian diets are not unique. Prudent plant-based dietary patterns which also allow small intakes of red meat, fish and dairy products have demonstrated significant improvements in health status as well. At this time an optimal dietary intake for health status is unknown. Plant-based diets contain a host of food and nutrients known to have independent health benefits. While vegetarian diets have not shown any adverse effects on health, restrictive and monotonous vegetarian diets may result in nutrient deficiencies with deleterious effects on health. For this reason, appropriate advice is important to ensure a vegetarian diet is nutritionally adequate especially for vulnerable groups.

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“…Are (38)(39)(40)(41) . Consumption of fruit and vegetables has consistently been inversely associated with risk of CVD, and this has been confirmed by meta-analyses (42)(43)(44) .…”

Section: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vegetarian diets, low-meat diets and health: a review

McEvoy

Temple

Woodside

2012

Public Health Nutr.

258

168

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“…An increasing number of studies indicate that increased consumption of fruits and vegetables can reduce the risk of chronic degenerative diseases such as cardiovascular disease, cancers, and others (Boffetta et al, 2010;Gandini, Merzenich, Robertson, & Boyle, 2000;van Duijnhoven et al, 2009). The associated beneficial effects have been attributed to various components but in general to those that, in vitro at least, act as antioxidants including phenolics, ascorbic acid, carotenoids and tocopherols (Ames, Shigenaga, & Hagen, 1993;Halliwell, 1996;Huxley & Neil, 2003;Knekt et al, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antioxidant capacity, total phenolic and ascorbate content as a function of the genetic diversity of leek (Allium ampeloprasum var. porrum)

Bernaert

Paepe

et al. 2012

Food Chemistry

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a b s t r a c tExtracts of the white shaft and green leaves of 30 leek cultivars were investigated for their antioxidant properties, total phenolic (TP) and L-ascorbic acid (AA) content. The measured antioxidant properties included free radical scavenging activities against peroxyl (ORAC) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radicals (DPPH) and their Fe 3+ reducing capacity (FRAP). The results from this study suggest that the green leek leaves generally have significantly stronger antioxidant properties than the white shaft. Correlation analysis between the TP and the AA content and the antioxidant activity showed that phenolics and ascorbic acid contribute significantly to the antioxidant activity of leek. The three antioxidant activity assays were all correlated for the extracts of the white shaft of the 30 leek cultivars. Principal component analysis (PCA) elucidated the influence of part and type of cultivar on the antioxidant capacity, TP, and Lascorbic acid content, whilst the breeding strategy and seed company had no influence.

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“…Dr. Boffetta referred to his article on fruit and vegetable intake in relation to cancer risk (7). In this prospective analysis of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition cohort, he and his colleagues showed that associations between reduced cancer risk and increased intake of total fruits and vegetables combined and total vegetables for the entire cohort were similar [200 g/d increased intake of fruits and vegetables combined, HR ¼ 0.97, 95% confidence interval (CI) ¼ 0.96-0.99; 100 g/d increased intake of total vegetables, HR ¼ 0.98, 95% CI ¼ 0.97-0.99]; intake of fruits showed a weaker inverse association (100 g/d increased intake of total fruits, HR ¼ 0.99, 95% CI ¼ 0.98-1.00).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cancer Prevention for Global Health: A Report from the ASPO International Cancer Prevention Interest Group

Braithwaite

Boffetta²,

Rebbeck³

et al. 2012

Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers &Amp; Prevention

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As cancer incidence and mortality rates increase in low-and middle-income countries, the need for cancer prevention and control research directed to these countries becomes increasingly important. The American Society of Preventive Oncology (ASPO) is a community of professionals in cancer prevention and control whose mission is to "foster the continuing development of investigators and the exchange and translation of scientific information to reduce the cancer burden."In the session presented at the ASPO 36th Annual Meeting in Washington, DC in March 2012, chaired by Drs. Frank Meyskens and Dejana Braithwaite, Dr. Paolo Boffetta discussed some of the achievements in global cancer prevention and suggested that future efforts focus on three major causes of cancer: tobacco-use, infections, and overweight/obesity. Dr. Timothy Rebbeck presented an overview of prostate cancer research in sub-Saharan Africa and highlighted how the complex nature of prostate cancer etiology and outcomes can be addressed through capacity-building research partnerships.Cancer is an emerging public health challenge in developing countries because of the aging and expansion of the population and increased prevalence of cancer risk factors such as smoking, obesity, physical inactivity, and reproductive factors. There are opportunities to reduce the growing cancer burden through the development of research capacity and the application of resource-appropriate interventions. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 21(9);

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Fruit and Vegetable Intake and Overall Cancer Risk in the European Prospective Investigation Into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)

Abstract: A very small inverse association between intake of total fruits and vegetables and cancer risk was observed in this study. Given the small magnitude of the observed associations, caution should be applied in their interpretation.

Cited by 367 publications

References 27 publications

Vegetarian diets, low-meat diets and health: a review

Vegetarian diets, low-meat diets and health: a review

Antioxidant capacity, total phenolic and ascorbate content as a function of the genetic diversity of leek (Allium ampeloprasum var. porrum)

Cancer Prevention for Global Health: A Report from the ASPO International Cancer Prevention Interest Group

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