Fruit and Endocarp Properties in Relation to Intra-Varietal Morphological Diversity of Montenegrin Olive Variety ‘Žutica’

Abstract

ABSTRACT'Žutica' is the most widespread olive variety of Montenegro, accounting for as much as 98% of olive trees in the southern part of Montenegrin coastal area -Bar subarea. The primary purpose of variety 'Žutica' is olive oil production due to its small fruits and high oil content, although it is also much appreciated as a table olive, prepared in local ways as green and black. As 'Žutica' is an old olive variety there are some phenotypic differences recorded in the fruit properties. Here we evaluated 22 accessions from the area of Bar and Ulcinj, where this variety is very widespread (almost mono-varietal), for 34 parameters of the fruit and endocarp. Significant differences in fruit properties were observed in the accessions. Average fruit size in nine accessions was above 3.5 g and in two accessions more than 4.0 g. Number of fruits per kg ranged from 224 to 330. Cluster analysis and principal component analysis (PCA) were used to group the accessions and evaluate the morphological variability. The accessions clustered into two groups, with two off group accessions of the highest fruit weight. The results showed differences among individuals, especially for large fruit accessions that should be investigated further.

Identification of the promising olive (Olea europaea L.) cultivars based on morphological and pomological characters

“…The present study confirms previous studies in other countries on the importance of measuring morphological and pomological traits (Cantini et al, 1999;Lavee & Wonder, 2004;Lazovic et al, 2018;Ozkaya et al, 2006;Taamalli et al, 2006;Trentacoste et al, 2010;Zaher et al, 2011), which successfully classified cultivated olives. Furthermore, the evaluation of agronomic traits may…”

“…The PC3 explained 6.00% of the total variance and showed positive correlations with tree growth vigor, tree height, and trunk diameter. Results obtained agreed with previous PCA of morphological characters in olive cultivars grown in different olive areas (Cantini et al, 1999;Lavee & Wonder, 2004;Lazovic et al, 2018;Ozkaya et al, 2006;Taamalli et al, 2006;Trentacoste et al, 2010;Zaher et al, 2011).…”

“…The average of stone length, stone diameter, and stone weight was 16.35 mm, 8.22 mm, and 0.70 g, respectively. Fruit‐ and stone‐related traits are considered very efficient morphological characters in distinguishing among the cultivated olives (Lazovic et al., 2018; Peres et al., 2011; Rotondi et al., 2011). The pictures of leaves and fruits of the studied olives are shown in Figure 1.…”

“…The first 14 PCs explained 75.80% of the total variance (Table 4). The PCA has been used in the evaluation of olive germplasm (Bandelj et al., 2002; Cantini et al., 1999; Hannachi et al., 2008; Hosseini‐Mazinani et al., 2004; Lazovic & Adakalic, 2020; Lazovic et al., 2018; Strikic et al., 2009; Trentacoste & Puertas, 2011; Uylaser et al., 2008; Zaher et al., 2011). The first three PCs explained 31.46% of the total variance observed.…”

Morphological and microsatellite analysis of the ancient Montenegrin olive variety ‘Žutica’ revealed different clones

“…RAPD and SSR polymorphism was revealed, but the morphological properties of leaf, inflorescences, fruit and endocarp of the same clones were not analyzed. In some other researches, morpho-phenological and agronomic attributes (Lazović et al, 2014b(Lazović et al, , 2014c(Lazović et al, , 2018bAdakalić & Lazović, 2018), as well as oil composition variability (Lazović et al, 2011;Adakalić & Lazović, 2018) of different clones of 'Žutica' were recorded.…”