Fructus phyllanthi tannin fraction induces apoptosis and inhibits migration and invasion of human lung squamous carcinoma cells in vitro via MAPK/MMP pathways

Abstract

Aim: Fructus phyllanthi tannin fraction (PTF) from the traditional Tibetan medicine Fructus phyllanthi has been found to inhibit lung and liver carcinoma in mice. In this study we investigated the anticancer mechanisms of PTF in human lung squamous carcinoma cells in vitro. Methods: Human lung squamous carcinoma cell line (NCI-H1703), human large-cell lung cancer cell line (NCI-H460), human lung adenocarcinoma cell line (A549) and human fibrosarcoma cell line (HT1080) were tested. Cell viability was detected with MTT assay. Cell migration and invasion were assessed using a wound healing assay and a transwell chemotaxis chambers assay, respectively. Cell apoptosis was analyzed with flow cytometric analysis. The levels of apoptosis-related and metastasis-related proteins were detected by Western blot and immunofluorescence.

Thymol inhibits cell migration and invasion by downregulating the activation of PI3K/AKT and ERK pathways in human colon cancer cells

“…MMP-2 and MMP-9 abundantly expressed in various cancers, are considered to play key roles in tumor invasion and metastasis [19]. In addition, mounting evidence suggests that inhibition of MMP-9 and MMP-2 by chemopreventive agents suppresses the invasiveness and metastases of many cancer cells [20,21]. In the present study, thymol (1 and 2 mM) markedly reduced the activity of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in HT29 cells.…”

Multiple myeloma cells promote migration of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells by altering their translation initiation

“…The role of MAPKs and eIF4E in cell migration was shown by others [18][19][20]. Thus, we hypothesized that MMcond-MSCs may .…”

Derivatives of Procaspase-Activating Compound 1 (PAC-1) and their Anticancer Activities

“…[15] PAC-1 and its derivatives induce apoptosis and are cytotoxic in cell culture to a diverse array of cancer cells, including cell lines derived from white blood cell cancers (lymphoma, [15, 42–51] leukemia, [15, 24, 44, 48–50, 52–55] and multiple myeloma [24, 55]), diverse carcinomas (breast, [15, 44, 48, 49, 52–54, 56–59] renal, [15] adrenal, [15, 60–62] colon, [15, 48, 55, 57–59, 63] lung, [15, 48, 49, 52–59, 63–67] cervical, [44, 55] gastric, [48, 49, 55, 57, 58, 63] ovarian, [55] liver, [48, 49, 55] prostate, [48, 49] and gallbladder [48, 49]), and other solid tumor types (melanoma, [15, 44, 48, 49] osteosarcoma, [55] neuroblastoma, [15, 55, 57, 58] and glioblastoma [48, 49, 68]). Patient-derived samples from colon cancer [15], chronic lymphocytic leukemia [23], and multiple myeloma [24] are also sensitive to PAC-1 and derivatives, and a therapeutic effect has been demonstrated in multiple murine tumor models [15, 48, 49, 56, 65, 66, 69] and in pet dogs with cancer.…”

“…This depletion of the labile zinc pool restores procaspase-3 enzymatic activity, allowing for cleavage of procaspase-3 to caspase-3 and the initiation of the execution pathway of apoptosis. [42] PAC-1 is now widely used as a tool compound for the induction of apoptosis [51, 59, 67, 68, 82, 83], and for the direct activation of procaspase-3 downstream of the mitochondria. [84–87] In addition, multiple independent studies have confirmed the direct procaspase-3 activation mechanism, [48, 85, 88] for example in detailed studies with selective caspase inhibitors, [85] selective caspase substrates, [48] and in Bax/Bak double knockout cells.…”