Fructose Utilization and Phytopathogenicity of<i>Spiroplasma citri</i>

Gaurivaud, Patrice; Danet, Jean-Luc; Laigret, Frédéric; Garnier, M.; Bové, Joseph M.

doi:10.1094/mpmi.2000.13.10.1145

Cited by 73 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…PTS components have also been implicated as virulence factors. The plant pathogen Spiroplasma citri requires fructose PTS activity for virulence (13), and PTS func-tions and carbohydrate metabolism have been linked with in vivo survival in extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli (61). The fruA PTS component may also have a conceivable role in M. gallisepticum virulence.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Genomic Analyses of Attenuated Strains of Mycoplasma gallisepticum

et al. 2010

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Mycoplasma gallisepticum is a significant respiratory and reproductive pathogen of domestic poultry. While the complete genomic sequence of the virulent, low-passage M. gallisepticum strain R (R low ) has been reported, genomic determinants responsible for differences in virulence and host range remain to be completely identified. Here, we utilize genome sequencing and microarray-based comparative genomic data to identify these genomic determinants of virulence and to elucidate genomic variability among strains of M. gallisepticum. Analysis of the high-passage, attenuated derivative of R low , R high , indicated that relatively few total genomic changes (64 loci) occurred, yet they are potentially responsible for the observed attenuation of this strain. In addition to previously characterized mutations in cytadherence-related proteins, changes included those in coding sequences of genes involved in sugar metabolism. Analyses of the genome of the M. gallisepticum vaccine strain F revealed numerous differences relative to strain R, including a highly divergent complement of vlhA surface lipoprotein genes, and at least 16 genes absent or significantly fragmented relative to strain R. Notably, an R low isogenic mutant in one of these genes (MGA_1107) caused significantly fewer severe tracheal lesions in the natural host compared to virulent M. gallisepticum R low . Comparative genomic hybridizations indicated few genetic loci commonly affected in F and vaccine strains ts-11 and 6/85, which would correlate with proteins affecting strain R virulence. Together, these data provide novel insights into inter-and intrastrain M. gallisepticum genomic variability and the genetic basis of M. gallisepticum virulence.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Genomic Analyses of Attenuated Strains of Mycoplasma gallisepticum

et al. 2010

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“…Several fructose (fru) operons encoding EII Fru enzyme and 1-phosphofructokinase have been described in different bacterial groups, such as Spiroplasma citri (a mollicute), Streptococcus mutans, and Streptococcus gordonii (firmicutes). In the first bacterium, the fru operon has been shown to be involved in phytopathogenicity of S. citri, the causal agent of the citrus "stubborn" disease (11). In the two latter bacteria, high-affinity sugar utilization systems such as the PTS Fru enhance survival of oral streptococci during periods between meals, while acid production from sugar contributes directly to human tooth decay.…”

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Fructose Utilization inLactococcus lactisas a Model for Low-GC Gram-Positive Bacteria: Its Regulator, Signal, and DNA-Binding Site

et al. 2005

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In addition to its role as carbon and energy source, fructose metabolism was reported to affect other cellular processes, such as biofilm formation by streptococci and bacterial pathogenicity in plants. Fructose genes encoding a 1-phosphofructokinase and a phosphotransferase system (PTS) fructose-specific enzyme IIABC component reside commonly in a gene cluster with a DeoR family regulator in various gram-positive bacteria. We present a comprehensive study of fructose metabolism in Lactococcus lactis, including a systematic study of fru mutants, global messenger analysis, and a molecular characterization of its regulation. The fru operon is regulated at the transcriptional level by both FruR and CcpA and at the metabolic level by inducer exclusion. The FruR effector is fructose-1-phosphate (F1P), as shown by combined analysis of transcription and measurements of the intracellular F1P pools in mutants either unable to produce this metabolite or accumulating it. The regulation of the fru operon by FruR requires four adjacent 10-bp direct repeats. The well-conserved organization of the fru promoter region in various low-GC gram-positive bacteria, including CRE boxes as well as the newly defined FruR motif, suggests that the regulation scheme defined in L. lactis could be applied to these bacteria. Transcriptome profiling of fruR and fruC mutants revealed that the effect of F1P and FruR regulation is limited to the fru operon in L. lactis. This result is enforced by the fact that no other targets for FruR were found in the available low-GC gram-positive bacteria genomes, suggesting that additional phenotypical effects due to fructose metabolism do not rely directly on FruR control, but rather on metabolism.Carbohydrate utilization systems are of particular importance to provide carbon and energy to bacteria. Among them, glucose and lactose systems have been widely studied, while other sugar utilization systems have been studied mostly with regard to their implication in targeted processes. Considering fructose availability in most ecosystems associated with plants, fructose metabolism and its regulation received little attention to date. The utilization of fructose is best documented in Escherichia coli, with the existence of three routes. In the main route, fructose is taken up via the membrane-spanning protein FruA and concomitantly phosphorylated to fructose-1-phosphate. Phosphorylation takes place by transfer of the phosphate group from phosphoenolpyruvate to fructose, which involves concerted action of two cytoplasmic proteins, EI of the phosphotransferase system (PTS) and a membrane-associated diphosphoryl transfer protein (FruB). The fructose-1-phosphate thus formed is further phosphorylated by ATP and 1-phosphofructokinase (FruK) to fructose-1,6-bisphosphate (17). The fruBKA operon of enteric bacteria is regulated at the transcriptional level primarily by the catabolite repressor-activator Cra (previously designated FruR) and by the cyclic AMP-CRP complex, which plays a secondary role (9,25).Although non-PTS...

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“…In addition, there are reports that indicate a linkage between C metabolism and other cellular processes, for example, nitrogen fixation, stress response, starvation, and pathogenicity, via the PTS (5,9,20,27). While PTS research is quite advanced in gramnegative and low-GC gram-positive bacteria, knowledge about it is limited in high-GC gram-positive bacteria, to which the antibiotic-producing soil bacterium Streptomyces coelicolor belongs (15, 16).…”

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confidence: 99%

The Phosphotransferase System of Streptomyces coelicolor Is Biased for N -Acetylglucosamine Metabolism

et al. 2003

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Mutation of the crr-ptsI gene locus revealed that Streptomyces coelicolor uses the phosphotransferase system (PTS) for N-acetylglucosamine uptake. crr, ptsI, and ptsH, which encode the three general PTS phosphotransferases, are induced by N-acetylglucosamine but not by other PTS substrates. Thus, the S. coelicolor PTS is biased for N-acetylglucosamine utilization, a novel feature that distinguishes this PTS from others.The bacterial phosphotransferase system (PTS) is a multifaceted system that is required for carbohydrate uptake, carbon catabolite repression, and chemotaxis (19). In addition, there are reports that indicate a linkage between C metabolism and other cellular processes, for example, nitrogen fixation, stress response, starvation, and pathogenicity, via the PTS (5,9,20,27). While PTS research is quite advanced in gramnegative and low-GC gram-positive bacteria, knowledge about it is limited in high-GC gram-positive bacteria, to which the antibiotic-producing soil bacterium Streptomyces coelicolor belongs (15, 16). Analysis of ptsH, which encodes the general PTS phosphotransferase HPr, revealed that S. coelicolor uses the PTS to internalize fructose, but no role of the PTS in carbon catabolite repression could be demonstrated (2,14,17). In silico analysis of the genome led to the identification of pts genes that encode the general phosphotransferases enzyme I (EI) and enzyme IIA Crr as well as three further PTS permeases (NagE1, NagE2, and MalX1) (16). We suggested that N-acetylglucosamine could be a possible substrate for NagE1 or NagE2. This is corroborated by an in vitro characterization of IIA Crr , which can serve as a IIA protein of an N-acetylglucosamine-specific PTS (PTS Nag ) (7). In a recent publication, a PTS Nag has been described in Streptomyces olivaceoviridis, in which the homologue of nagE2 has been identified as the structural gene for enzyme II Nag (29). We present a mutational analysis of the crr-ptsI gene locus and demonstrate that EI and IIA Crr are part of a PTS Nag in S. coelicolor. We provide evidence that the two genes form an operon and that their expression, together with the third general gene of the PTS, ptsH, is induced by N-acetylglucosamine. The data suggest that the PTS of S. coelicolor is biased for N-acetylglucosamine metabolism, a novel feature that will be discussed.Knockout mutation of crr and ptsI. Gene replacement plasmids pFT50 and pFT52 were constructed by several cloning steps to generate a crr and a ptsI mutant (Table 1). Protoplasts of M145 were transformed and mutants were isolated as described previously (4, 8). The resulting strain BAP2 (⌬crr::aacC4) carried a deletion in crr ranging from nucleotides (nt) 146 to 280, in which the apramycin gene cassette (aacC4) was placed. The ptsI gene in strain BAP3 (ptsI::aacC4) was interrupted by the apramycin gene at nt 665. Mutations were verified by PCRs that revealed the presence of aac4 and the correct chromosomal position by the use of oligonucleotides that hybridized in aac4 and on the chromosome just outside ...

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Fructose Utilization and Phytopathogenicity ofSpiroplasma citri

Cited by 73 publications

References 30 publications

Comparative Genomic Analyses of Attenuated Strains of Mycoplasma gallisepticum

Comparative Genomic Analyses of Attenuated Strains of Mycoplasma gallisepticum

Fructose Utilization inLactococcus lactisas a Model for Low-GC Gram-Positive Bacteria: Its Regulator, Signal, and DNA-Binding Site

The Phosphotransferase System of Streptomyces coelicolor Is Biased for N -Acetylglucosamine Metabolism

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