Fructose Consumption in the Development of Obesity and the Effects of Different Protocols of Physical Exercise on the Hepatic Metabolism

Abstract

Fructose consumption has been growing exponentially and, concomitant with this, the increase in the incidence of obesity and associated complications has followed the same behavior.Studies indicate that fructose may be a carbohydrate with greater obesogenic potential than other sugars. In this context, the liver seems to be a key organ for understanding the deleterious health effects promoted by fructose consumption. Fructose promotes complications in glucose metabolism, accumulation of triacylglycerol in the hepatocytes and alterations in the lipid profile, which, associated with an inflammatory response and alterations in the redox state, will imply a systemic picture of insulin resistance. However, physical exercise has been indicated for the treatment of several chronic diseases. In this review, we show how each exercise protocol (aerobic, strength or a combination of both) promote improvements in the obesogenic state created by fructose consumption as an improvement in the serum and liver lipid profile (HDL increase and decrease TG and LDL levels) and a reduction of markers of inflammation caused by an excess of fructose. Therefore, it is concluded that the practice of aerobic physical exercise, strength or a combination of both is essential for attenuating the complications developed by the consumption of fructose.Keywords: fructose; obesity; liver, aerobic exercise, strength exercise, combined exercise. Preprints (www.preprints.org) | NOT PEER-REVIEWED | Posted: 28 February 2017doi:10.20944/preprints201702.0103.v1Peer-reviewed version available at Nutrients 2017, 9, , 405; doi:10.3390/nu90404052 of 20 New story/old enemyThe high consumption of sugary beverages rich in fructose, is directly related to the development of obesity and its consequences, such as metabolic syndrome [1][2][3]. Concomitant with the increased incidence and prevalence of obesity and metabolic syndrome, the consumption of fructose has increased around 30% in the last 40 years [4]. More specifically, because fructose is less able to promote satiety and is more palatable, it will stimulate a higher consumption of food [4], and alter the metabolism of lipids and carbohydrates, thereby favouring the synthesis and accumulation of fat [5]. The accumulation of adipose tissue has come to be considered a global public health problem. The hypertrophy of this tissue generates harmful effects on the organism through the secretion of various types of adipokines, and for this reason obesity happens to be considered one of the major risk factors for the development of metabolic syndrome and, consequently, is listed as one of the most serious problems in relation to quality of life [6]. According to epidemiological data, it is expected that by 2025, approximately 18% of men and 21% of women worldwide will be considered obese [7]. With that in mind, since fructose consumption is strongly associated with the development of obesity, studies aimed at evaluating its role in the development of obesity are of paramount importance for a better und...

Hepatoprotective Effects of Sophoricoside against Fructose‐Induced Liver Injury via Regulating Lipid Metabolism, Oxidation, and Inflammation in Mice

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Exercise decreases CLK2 in the liver of obese mice and prevents hepatic fat accumulation

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