Fructose and Uric Acid: Major Mediators of Cardiovascular Disease Risk Starting at Pediatric Age

Russo, Elisa; Leoncini, Giovanna; Esposito, Pasquale; Garibotto, Giacomo; Pontremoli, Roberto; Viazzi, Francesca

doi:10.3390/ijms21124479

Cited by 36 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 100 publications

(111 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…This means that when SUA rises to a certain level, there is a strong association with TG. Many clinical studies have shown that hyperuricaemia is related to cardiovascular disease [30][31][32][33] , and it is also implied that SUA is related to the lipid pro le. The underlying mechanism of elevated lipids caused by high levels of SUA is that SUA promotes lipid peroxidation, generates oxygen free radicals, and causes in ammation of blood vessel walls.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association Between Serum Uric Acid and Triglycerides in Chinese Children and Adolescents With Short Stature

Chu

Zhao

Zhang

et al. 2020

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Elevated triglyceride (TG) levels are a biomarker of CVD risk. The relationship between serum uric acid (SUA) and TG in adults and obese children is well established. However, studies on children with short stature with SUA and TG are limited. Aim: The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between SUA and TG in Chinese children and adolescents with short stature.Methods: This study is a cross-sectional analysis of a cohort study. A total of 1095 children and adolescents with short stature (720 males and 375 females) were included. The related clinical characteristics, including body mass index (BMI), serum uric acid (SUA), triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), were determined.Results: The univariate analysis results showed a significant positive association between SUA and TG (P < 0.001). Furthermore, a smooth curve fitting after adjusting for potential confounders was performed, and a nonlinear relationship between SUA and TG was observed. A multivariate piecewise linear regression model revealed a significant positive association between SUA and TG when the SUA level was greater than 7 mg/dL (β 0.13, 95% CI 0.05, 0.22; P = 0.002). However, we did not observe a significant relationship between SUA and TG when the SUA level was lower than 7 mg/dL (β 0.01, 95% CI -0.01, 0.04; P=0.799).Conclusion: This study described a nonlinear relationship between UA and TG in children and adolescents with short stature. When SUA rises to a certain level, there is a strong positive association between UA and TG. This finding suggests that elevated UA levels may be another risk indicator of cardiovascular disease in children and adolescents with short stature.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association Between Serum Uric Acid and Triglycerides in Chinese Children and Adolescents With Short Stature

Chu

Zhao

Zhang

et al. 2020

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…It has been recently reported that fructose-induced hyperuricemia upregulates KHK and simultaneously activates AR, leading to increased endogenous fructose synthesis and leading to excessive intrahepatic accumulation [ 67 ]. In this context, studies conducted in children and adolescents indicate that dietary fructose intake and plasma uric acid have a relevant impact in NAFLD at pediatric ages [ 68 , 69 , 70 ]. Then, both synthetic and natural/dietary AR inhibitors may arise as potential agents against NAFLD [ 71 ].…”

Section: Effects Of Fructose Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Vitamin E Onmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been recently reported in children with NAFLD that a diet low in carbohydrates and sugars may be more effective in reducing intrahepatic fat accumulation, insulin resistance and visceral fat compared to fat-restricted diets [ 89 ]. Therefore, it is envisaged that restriction of carbohydrates, fructose, free sugars or SSB are adequate interventions to prevent NAFLD in children [ 68 , 90 , 91 , 92 ].…”

Section: Effects Of Fructose Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Vitamin E Onmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fructose, Omega 3 Fatty Acids, and Vitamin E: Involvement in Pediatric Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is currently the most common form of liver disease in both adults and children, becoming the leading cause for liver transplant in many countries. Its prevalence has increased considerably in recent years, mainly due to the explosive increase in pediatric obesity rates. NAFLD is strongly associated with central obesity, diabetes, dyslipidemia and insulin resistance, and it has been considered as the hepatic manifestation of the metabolic syndrome. Its complex pathophysiology involves a series of metabolic, inflammatory and oxidative stress processes, among others. Given the sharp increase in the prevalence of NAFLD and the lack of an appropriate pharmacological approach, it is crucial to consider the prevention/management of the disease based on lifestyle modifications such as the adoption of a healthy nutrition pattern. Herein, we review the literature and discuss the role of three key nutrients involved in pediatric NAFLD: fructose and its participation in metabolism, Omega-3 fatty acids and its anti-inflammatory effects and vitamin E and its action on oxidative stress.

show abstract

“…In particular, their combined effects on insulin resistance and its correlates (such as obesity, diabetes, hypertension and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease) contribute to the worsening of cardiovascular risk in a decisive way. According to Russo et al [25], a role for fructose and uric acid as mediators of kidney injury is also supported by experimental and clinical studies. Discussion of the biological mechanisms underlying these associations highlight how the interplay between fructose, uric acid, activation of the renin angiotensin aldosterone system and pathways of inflammation is a strong inductor for the development of clinical conditions at increased cardiovascular risk.…”

mentioning

confidence: 95%

“…In childhood, excess weight is often associated with an increase in plasma uric acid values and hyperuricemia must be considered a cardiovascular risk factor even in pediatric age, mainly due to its association with the development of insulin resistance and hypertension [24]. In their article, Russo et al [25] reviewed how fructose and uric acid begin to mediate the risk of cardiovascular disease from the first decades of life. In particular, their combined effects on insulin resistance and its correlates (such as obesity, diabetes, hypertension and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease) contribute to the worsening of cardiovascular risk in a decisive way.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiovascular Risk in Children: Focus on Pathophysiological Aspects

Genovesi

Parati

2020

IJMS

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death, disability, and health care costs in industrialized countries. In general, cardiovascular diseases occur in adulthood, but cardiovascular damage, including stiffening of the arteries, begins very early. Already in the first decade of life, alterations that will favor the formation of atherosclerotic plaques may be present. Cardiovascular risk factors, associated with genetic predisposition, may trigger a sequence of pathophysiological changes which are associated with the progression of the atherosclerosis process. In this frame, the role of obesity has been increasingly emphasized. Different mechanisms linking obesity to cardiovascular disease have been postulated. Endothelial dysfunction and subclinical inflammation seem to be related to the worsening of cardiovascular risk factors in obese subjects and might have an essential role in the development of insulin resistance and the initiation and progression of atherosclerotic lesions. Excess weight, and in particular visceral adiposity, are associated with hypertrophy and hyperplasia of the adipocytes, increased secretion of adipokines and inflammatory cytokines and increase in serum uric acid levels. The list of obesity-related biomarkers associated with cardiovascular damage is rapidly expanding and their importance has already been described in children as well. Pathophysiological changes involved in determining early cardiovascular damage starting from childhood are discussed in this Special Issue.

show abstract

Fructose and Uric Acid: Major Mediators of Cardiovascular Disease Risk Starting at Pediatric Age

Cited by 36 publications

References 100 publications

Association Between Serum Uric Acid and Triglycerides in Chinese Children and Adolescents With Short Stature

Association Between Serum Uric Acid and Triglycerides in Chinese Children and Adolescents With Short Stature

Fructose, Omega 3 Fatty Acids, and Vitamin E: Involvement in Pediatric Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Cardiovascular Risk in Children: Focus on Pathophysiological Aspects

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About