Fructose and Galactose Enhance Postexercise Human Liver Glycogen Synthesis

Décombaz, Jacques; Jentjens, Roy L. P. G.; Ith, Michael; Scheurer, Eva; Buehler, Tania; Jeukendrup, Asker E.; Boesch, Chris

doi:10.1249/mss.0b013e318218ca5a

Cited by 62 publications

(121 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…diet adapted to BMR, reduced activity) still reflecting daily routine. Measurements were performed using a well-established non-invasive technique [6,11] and a homogenous group of patients with T1DM was compared with matched healthy individuals. The findings indicate that well-controlled patients with T1DM may generate a similar amount of glycogen stores as healthy individuals, thereby reassuring these patients in terms of availability of reserves in situations with increased demand of endogenous glucose (e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Hepatic and intramyocellular glycogen stores in adults with type 1 diabetes and healthy controls

Bally¹,

Buehler²,

Dokumacı³

et al. 2015

Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Glycogen content in liver and right quadriceps muscle was measured with non-invasive natural abundance 13 C MRS as described previously [10,11]. Hepatic and intramyocellular glycogen concentrations are indicated in arbitrary units ([a.u.]).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatic and intramyocellular glycogen stores in adults with type 1 diabetes and healthy controls

Bally¹,

Buehler²,

Dokumacı³

et al. 2015

Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice

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“…One recent study concluded, which also used 13 C-MRS methodology, that the rate of net liver glycogen synthesis was faster when maltodextrin-fructose or maltodextrin-galactose (net liver glycogen synthesis rate 8.1 ± 0.6 and 8.6 ± 09 g/h, respectively) beverages were consumed at ingestion rates corresponding to ~1 g/kg/h during a 6.5h post exercise period as compared with maltodextrin consumption alone (net liver glycogen synthesis rate = 3.7 ± 0.5 g/h; Decombaz et al, 2011). Interestingly, Wallis and coworkers (Wallis et al, 2008) observed that glucose-fructose or glucose only ingestion at high rates (90 g/h for 4 hr) resulted in similar rates of postexercise muscle glycogen synthesis.…”

Section: Potential For Sucrose To Promote Optimal Glycogen Storagementioning

confidence: 99%

Is There a Specific Role for Sucrose in Sports and Exercise Performance?

Wallis¹,

Wittekind²

2013

International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism

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The consumption of carbohydrate before, during, and after exercise is a central feature of the athlete's diet, particularly those competing in endurance sports. Sucrose is a carbohydrate present within the diets of athletes. Whether sucrose, by virtue of its component monosaccharides glucose and fructose, exerts a meaningful advantage for athletes over other carbohydrate types or blends is unclear. This narrative reviews the literature on the influence of sucrose, relative to other carbohydrate types, on exercise performance or the metabolic factors that may underpin exercise performance. Inference from the research to date suggests that sucrose appears to be as effective as other highly metabolizable carbohydrates (e.g., glucose, glucose polymers) in providing an exogenous fuel source during endurance exercise, stimulating the synthesis of liver and muscle glycogen during exercise recovery and improving endurance exercise performance. Nonetheless, gaps exist in our understanding of the metabolic and performance consequences of sucrose ingestion before, during, and after exercise relative to other carbohydrate types or blends, particularly when more aggressive carbohydrate intake strategies are adopted. While further research is recommended and discussed in this review, based on the currently available scientific literature it would seem that sucrose should continue to be regarded as one of a variety of options available to help athletes achieve their specific carbohydrate-intake goals.

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“…The latter hypothesis is particularly attractive for galactose since it is known to be an excellent precursor of liver glycogen compared to glucose (11). Therefore, it is possible that the preexercise ingestion of galactose produces during exercise, a situation where the liver is more able to maintain plasma glucose concentration a key determinant of muscle glucose uptake, as it is not associated with the effects of hyperinsulinaemia or other homeostatic imbalances.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Pre-Exercise Galactose and Glucose Ingestion on High-Intensity Endurance Cycling

O’Hara¹,

Carroll²,

Cooke³

et al. 2014

Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research

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This study evaluated the effects of the pre-exercise (30 minutes) ingestion of galactose (Gal) or glucose (Glu) on endurance capacity as well as glycaemic and insulinaemic responses. Ten trained male cyclists completed three randomised high-intensity cycling endurance tests. Thirty minutes prior to each trial cyclists ingested 1 litre of either 40g of glucose, 40g of galactose, or a placebo in a double blind manner. The protocol comprised: 20 minutes of progressive incremental exercise (70% to 85% maximal power output (W max )); ten 90 second bouts at 90% W max , separated by 180 seconds at 55% W max ; 90% W max until exhaustion. Blood samples were drawn throughout the protocol. Times to exhaustion were longer with Gal (68.7±10.2 minutes, P=0.005) compared to Glu (58.5±24.9 minutes), with neither being different to placebo (63.9±16.2 minutes). Twenty-eight minutes following Glu consumption, plasma glucose and serum insulin concentrations were higher than with Gal and placebo (P<0.001). Following the initial 20 minutes of exercise, plasma glucose concentrations increased to a relative hyperglycaemia during the Gal and placebo, compared to Glu condition. Higher plasma glucose concentrations during exercise, and the attenuated serum insulin response at rest, may explain the significantly longer times to exhaustion produced by Gal compared to Glu. However, neither carbohydrate treatment produced significantly longer times to exhaustion than placebo, suggesting that the pre-exercise ingestion of galactose and glucose alone is not sufficient to support this type of endurance performance.

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Fructose and Galactose Enhance Postexercise Human Liver Glycogen Synthesis

Abstract: When ingested at a rate designed to saturate intestinal CHO transport systems, MD drinks with added fructose or galactose were twice as effective as MD + glucose in restoring liver glycogen during short-term postexercise recovery.

Cited by 62 publications

References 35 publications

Hepatic and intramyocellular glycogen stores in adults with type 1 diabetes and healthy controls

Hepatic and intramyocellular glycogen stores in adults with type 1 diabetes and healthy controls

Is There a Specific Role for Sucrose in Sports and Exercise Performance?

The Effect of Pre-Exercise Galactose and Glucose Ingestion on High-Intensity Endurance Cycling

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