Frost stress evolution and winter pea ideotype in the context of climate warming at a regional scale

Castel, Thierry; Lecomte, Christophe; Richard, Yves; Lejeune‐Hénaut, Isabelle; Larmure, Annabelle

doi:10.1051/ocl/2017002

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…In the French PeaMUST project, the focus was on plant architecture and resistance traits to avoid stress (Burstin et al, 2018 ). Annicchiarico and Filippi ( 2007 ) identified traits suitable for organic production in Northern Italy, such as weed competition, while Castel et al ( 2017 ) investigated the winter hardiness traits important in French winter peas in response to climate change. When it comes to pea ideotypes suitable for Arctic conditions, phenology must be prioritized when identifying ideotypes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trait Expression and Environmental Responses of Pea (Pisum sativum L.) Genetic Resources Targeting Cultivation in the Arctic

Carlson-Nilsson¹,

Aloisi²,

Vågen

et al. 2021

Front. Plant Sci.

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In the Arctic part of the Nordic region, cultivated crops need to specifically adapt to adverse and extreme climate conditions, such as low temperatures, long days, and a short growing season. Under the projected climate change scenarios, higher temperatures and an earlier spring thaw will gradually allow the cultivation of plants that could not be previously cultivated there. For millennia, Pea (Pisum sativum L.) has been a major cultivated protein plant in Nordic countries but is currently limited to the southern parts of the region. However, response and adaptation to the Arctic day length/light spectrum and temperatures are essential for the productivity of the pea germplasm and need to be better understood. This study investigated these factors and identified suitable pea genetic resources for future cultivation and breeding in the Arctic region. Fifty gene bank accessions of peas with a Nordic landrace or cultivar origin were evaluated in 2-year field trials at four Nordic locations in Denmark, Finland, Sweden, and Norway (55° to 69° N). The contrasting environmental conditions of the trial sites revealed differences in expression of phenological, morphological, crop productivity, and quality traits in the accessions. The data showed that light conditions related to a very long photoperiod partly compensated for the lack of accumulated temperature in the far north. A critical factor for cultivation in the Arctic is the use of cultivars with rapid flowering and maturation times combined with early sowing. At the most extreme site (69°N), no accession reached full maturation. Nonetheless several accessions, predominantly landraces of a northern origin, reached a green harvest state. All the cultivars reached full maturation at the sub-Arctic latitude in northern Sweden (63°N) when plants were established early in the season. Seed yield correlated positively with seed number and aboveground biomass, but negatively with flowering time. A high yield potential and protein concentration of dry seed were found in many garden types of pea, confirming their breeding potential for yield. Overall, the results indicated that pea genetic resources are available for breeding or immediate cultivation, thus aiding in the northward expansion of pea cultivation. Predicted climate changes would support this expansion.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trait Expression and Environmental Responses of Pea (Pisum sativum L.) Genetic Resources Targeting Cultivation in the Arctic

Carlson-Nilsson¹,

Aloisi²,

Vågen

et al. 2021

Front. Plant Sci.

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“…Four indicators were calculated from minimal and maximal daily temperatures and 15 indicators were calculated from daily rainfall values (Appendix S2). Then, a continuous layer for each indicator was produced at a resolution of 250 m using an interpolation method based on the influence of topographical factors (Castel et al, 2017; Joly et al, 2012). This method combines multiple regression, then kriging of the residues, and it jointly uses the spatial autocorrelation of the indicators and their correlation with both geographical (latitude and longitude) and altitude variables.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Habitat fragmentation matters more than habitat loss: The case of host–parasite interactions

et al. 2022

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While ecologists agree that habitat loss has a substantial negative effect on biodiversity it is still very much a matter of debate whether habitat fragmentation has a lesser effect and whether this effect is positive or negative for biodiversity. Here, we assess the relative influence of tropical forest loss and fragmentation on the prevalence of vector-borne blood parasites of the genera Plasmodium and Haemoproteus in six forest bird species. We also determine whether habitat loss and fragmentation are associated with a rise or fall in prevalence. We sample more than 4000 individual birds from 58 forest sites in Guadeloupe and Martinique. Considering 34 host-parasite combinations independently and a fine characterization of the amount and spatial configuration of habitat, we use partial least square regressions to disentangle the relative effects of forest loss, forest fragmentation, landscape heterogeneity, and local weather conditions on spatial variability of parasite prevalence. Then we test for the magnitude and the sign of the effect of each environmental descriptor.Strikingly, we show that forest fragmentation explains twice as much of the variance in prevalence as habitat loss or landscape heterogeneity. In addition, habitat fragmentation leads to an overall rise in prevalence in Guadeloupe, but its effect is variable in Martinique. Both habitat loss and landscape heterogeneity exhibit taxon-specific effects. Our results suggest that habitat loss and fragmentation may have contrasting effects between tropical and temperate regions and that inter-specific interactions may not respond in the same way as more commonly used biodiversity metrics such as abundance and diversity.

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“…In FLORSYS , a crop species is represented by 220 parameters (section A.4 of the Supplementary Material ). To parameterize pea varieties, we used existing literature ( Lecomte et al, 2003 ; Raveneau et al, 2011 ; Tayeh et al, 2015 ; Castel et al, 2017 ; Varela Nicola, 2017 ; Colbach et al, 2020b ), extracted parameters from other models ( Brisson et al, 2009 ; Pointurier et al, 2021 ) and set up experiments when no parameter source was available. This was mainly the case for parameters describing potential plant morphology in unshaded conditions and response to shading by neighbor plants.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tracking Ideal Varieties and Cropping Techniques for Agroecological Weed Management: A Simulation-Based Study on Pea

et al. 2022

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Pea or Pisum sativum L. is a key diversification crop, but current varieties are not very competitive against weeds. The objective was to identify, depending on the type of cropping system and weed flora, (1) the key pea parameters that drive crop production, weed control and weed contribution to biodiversity, (2) optimal combinations of pea-parameter values and crop-management techniques to maximize these goals. For this, virtual experiments were run, using FLORSYS, a mechanistic simulation model. This individual-based 3D model simulates daily crop-weed seed and plant dynamics over the years, from the cropping system and pedoclimate. Here, this model was parameterized for seven pea varieties, from experiments and literature. Moreover, ten virtual varieties were created by randomly combining variety-parameter values according to a Latin Hypercube Sampling (LHS) plan, respecting parameter ranges and correlations observed in the actual varieties. A global sensitivity analysis was run, using another LHS plan to combine pea varieties, crop rotations and management techniques in nine contrasting situations (e.g., conventional vs. organic, no-till, type of weed flora). Simulated data were analyzed with classification and regression trees (CART). We highlighted (1) Parameters that drive potential yield and competitivity against weeds (notably the ability to increase plant height and leaf area in shaded situations), depending on variety type (spring vs. winter) and cropping system. These are pointers for breeding varieties to regulate weeds by biological interactions; (2) Rules to guide farmers to choose the best pea variety, depending on the production goal and the cropping system; (3) The trade-off between increasing yield potential and minimizing yield losses due to weeds when choosing pea variety and management, especially in winter peas. The main pea-variety rules were the same for all performance goals, management strategies, and analyses scales, but further rules were useful for individual goals, strategies, and scales. Some variety features only fitted to particular systems (e.g., delayed pea emergence is only beneficial in case of herbicide-spraying and disastrous in unsprayed systems). Fewer variety rules should be compensated by more management rules. If one of the two main weed-control levers, herbicide or tillage, was eliminated, further pea-variety and/or management rules were needed.

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Frost stress evolution and winter pea ideotype in the context of climate warming at a regional scale

Cited by 6 publications

References 41 publications

Trait Expression and Environmental Responses of Pea (Pisum sativum L.) Genetic Resources Targeting Cultivation in the Arctic

Trait Expression and Environmental Responses of Pea (Pisum sativum L.) Genetic Resources Targeting Cultivation in the Arctic

Habitat fragmentation matters more than habitat loss: The case of host–parasite interactions

Tracking Ideal Varieties and Cropping Techniques for Agroecological Weed Management: A Simulation-Based Study on Pea

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