Frost resistance and pore size distribution in bricks

Maage, M

doi:10.1007/bf02478706

Cited by 61 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Here, the shape of the concrete pore is not a circular cylinder; therefore, r in Washburn's equation is not the radius of a circular tube but becomes the representative length of a non-circular cross section. However, if a simple shape is to be assumed for the pore, a circular tube is better than the other shapes (Maage 1984). However, Eq.…”

Section: Calculation Of the Permeation Ratementioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship Among the Permeation Rate of Water into Concrete, the Mix Design, Curing, and the Degree of Drying

Sakai

Yokoyama

Kishi

2017

ACT

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Water permeation into concrete causes various types of deterioration in concrete structures such as rebar corrosion, frost damage, ASR, etc.; however, the evaluation of the water permeation rate is difficult. This paper proposes a simple equation to evaluate the water permeation rate into concrete, based on basic information such as the mix design, curing condition, and degree of drying. Concrete specimens are cast, cut into slices of different thicknesses, and the time taken for water penetration is measured. The permeation rate is calculated from the relationship between the obtained permeation time and the slice thickness. Additionally, a literature survey is conducted to collect the water permeation rate in various types of concrete. A prediction equation for the water permeation rate is proposed, based on the data. Although this data contains various types of concrete with/without the admixture material, different water-to-binder ratios, and different curing conditions, all the calculated values fall within a range of ±150% of the data from literature.

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Section: Calculation Of the Permeation Ratementioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship Among the Permeation Rate of Water into Concrete, the Mix Design, Curing, and the Degree of Drying

Sakai

Yokoyama

Kishi

2017

ACT

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“…Specific surface area values increase in line with the number of smallest pores, which are the most important in decay processes (1, 2). In fact, ceramic materials with a high porosity and a high percentage of pores with radii of less than 2.5 µm are more prone to decay, especially when they are subjected to freezethaw and salt crystallization processes (2,4,12). Some of the most damaged ceramics (E1, E5 and E7) show high specific surface area and low pore radius values, while the best preserved sample, E2, is characterized by the lowest porosity value and a porometric curve peak that tends toward higher pore radii.…”

Section: Pore System Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…La porosidad y distribución del tamaño de poros son otros parámetros importantes en predecir la durabilidad de los materiales de construcción sometidos a ataques agresivos como los causados por la lluvia ácida, la cristalización de sales y las heladas (1,4,12,13). En efecto, el volumen de los poros y la distribución de los mismos en el seno de un material determinan la capacidad de acumular fluidos y la posibilidad de que estos puedan circular, favoreciendo su deterioro.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

“…Porosity and pore-size distribution are other important parameters for predicting the durability of building materials subject to aggressive attacks by acid rain, salt crystallization and freeze-thaw cycles (1,4,12,13). In fact, the pore volume and the pore size distribution of a material determine its fluid storage capacity and the rate at which fluids flow through it, both factors that enhance its decay.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Estudio arqueométrico y evaluación del deterioro de los materiales cerámicos de la fachada de la iglesia de Santa Maria del Carmine (Pavía, Italia)

Setti¹,

Lanfranchi²,

Cultrone³

et al. 2011

Mater. construcc.

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RESUMENSe ha llevado a cabo un estudio arqueométrico de los materiales cerámicos de la fachada de la iglesia de Santa Maria del Carmine en Pavía (Italia). Se han obtenido valiosas informaciones sobre las temperaturas de cocción, la procedencia de las materias primas arcillosas y el tipo de hornos utilizados. Mineralógicamente, las cerámi-cas utilizadas en la iglesia son ricas en cuarzo, feldespato y filosilicatos y en algunas muestras se han detectado silicatos de calcio de neoformación. Las observaciones microtexturales han revelado la presencia de incipientes bordes de reacción, la sinterización de los filosilicatos y la parcial vitrificación de la matriz. Las cerámicas poseen una porosidad elevada (del 32 al 45%) y radio de poros comprendido entre 0,4 y 1,3 mm. El estudio de los diferentes tipos de deterioro muestreados en la fachada de la iglesia (pátinas verdes y negras y eflorescencias) ha revelado la presencia de yeso, whewellita, thenardita e moolooita.Palabras clave: cerámica, petrografía, distribución de tamaño de poro, deterioro. SUMMARYWe performed an archaeometric study of the ceramic materials from the façade of the church of Santa Maria del Carmine in Pavia (Italy). We obtained useful information about the firing temperatures, the provenance of raw materials and the type of oven used. The ceramics used in the façade are mineralogically rich in quartz, feldspar and phyllosilicates, and newly formed calcium silicate phases were detected in some samples. Microtextural observations revealed the presence of incipient reaction rims, phyllosilicate sintering and partial vitrification of the matrix. Ceramics show high porosity (32 to 45%) and pore sizes of between 0.4 and 1.3 µm. Our study of the different types of decay collected on the façade of the church (green and black patinas and efflorescences) revealed the presence of gypsum, whewellite, thenardite and moolooite.

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“…Bricks with high porosity and high amounts of small pores (r < 1 m) are more susceptible to salt crystallization and freezethaw cycles [4,10,11]. Changes in porosity due to salt crystallization and freeze-thaw cycles reduce the mechanical resistance of bricks over time [4,12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics of bricks used in the domes of some historic bath buildings

Sağın

Böke

2013

Journal of Cultural Heritage

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a b s t r a c tIn this study, characteristics of bricks used in the domes of some historic bath buildings dated to 15th century inİzmir were determined in order to indicate the properties of repair bricks that will be used in the conservation works of the domes. For this purpose, their basic physical properties, elemental and mineralogical compositions, firing temperatures and microstructural properties were determined by using XRF, XRD, SEM-EDS and TGA analysis. Analysis results indicated that the bricks are of low density, high porosity and were produced from raw materials containing low amounts of calcium poor clays fired at low temperatures (< 900• C). They are mainly consisted of small pores with r < 5 m that make the bricks more susceptible to salt crystallization and freeze-thaw cycles. Although the bricks were fired at low temperatures and susceptible to salt crystallization and freeze thaw cycles, the structural systems of the domes remained without losing their integrity due to the moderate climatic conditions ofİzmir. Repair bricks that will be used in the conservation works of the domes should be compatible with the original ones and produced from calcium poor clays by firing at low temperatures.

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Frost resistance and pore size distribution in bricks

Cited by 61 publications

References 3 publications

Relationship Among the Permeation Rate of Water into Concrete, the Mix Design, Curing, and the Degree of Drying

Relationship Among the Permeation Rate of Water into Concrete, the Mix Design, Curing, and the Degree of Drying

Estudio arqueométrico y evaluación del deterioro de los materiales cerámicos de la fachada de la iglesia de Santa Maria del Carmine (Pavía, Italia)

Characteristics of bricks used in the domes of some historic bath buildings

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